Page 236 - 《水产学报》2025年第8期

何妤如 水产学报, 2025, 49(8): 089319

cipate in decision-making processes. The state cipating in the WCPFC where they coordinate sci-
remains the primary architect of the biological and entific data exchange and compliance monitoring.
political boundaries that define RFMO jurisdictions. Through pre-negotiation consensus-building within
Yet, in practice, despite holding asymmetric or non- the club, these SIDs “speak with one voice” at the
sovereign status, certain actors have managed to WCPFC meetings in fisheries negotiations to
secure their unique scalar roles. Through strategies enhance their bargaining power. The Parties to the
such as a tailored institutional design, political PNA govern skipjack tuna purse-seine fisheries
mobilization, and discursive engagement, these act- through specific management tools like the Vessel
ors potentially elevate their bargaining capacity by Day Scheme and stringent conservation measures
upscaling, securing differentiated access or influ- (e.g., 100% observer coverage for purse seiners).
ence within the governance framework. The South Pacific Group (SPG) advocates for non-

PNA members’ interests in longline fishery negoti-
3.1 Mosaic engagement
ations, while the Secretariat of the Pacific Com-

Small island developing States Small munity (SPC) provides critical scientific support to
island developing States (SIDs), while often situ- the WCPFC through data collection and analysis.
ated at the periphery of global governance and lack- Complementary frameworks like the 2014 Tokelau
ing the structural capacity for international agenda- Arrangement (TKA) focus on key longline species
setting, rule-making and mobilization, have ampli- such as South Pacific albacore tuna, creating addi-
fied their influence through subregional coalitions. tional policy leverage points. Collectively, these
By unifying positions based on shared national strategic uses of scaling allow Pacific SIDs to assert
interests and normative appeals, SIDs have scaled agency and reinforce a shared regional and sub-
[33]
up their voice beyond individual capabilities . This regional identity. The case illustrates the transform-
scaling strategy is particularly evident in fisheries ative potential of upscaling action in overcoming
governance in the WCPO, where tuna resources are structural disadvantages in regional and subre-
central to the economies of SIDs. The WCPO con- gional environmental governance through internal
tributing the world’s largest tuna catch globally has coordination and inter-organizational collaboration
seen its management framework transformed (Fig. 2).

through the establishment of the WCPFC, which Overseas territories and possessions Over-
has created new resource-sharing scales between seas territories and possessions, defined as non-sov-
SIDs and distant-water fishing States. In response, ereign jurisdictions administered by a sovereign
Pacific SIDs have developed a sophisticated multi- State, do not possess full international legal person-
layered governance architecture. The FFA serves as ality, but have a distinct position in regional fisher-
the region’s most influential intergovernmental ies governance. Lacking independent voting rights
organization, with all members concurrently parti- or full membership eligibility in RFMOs, these

rescaling
integrated SIDs position
FFA stance coordination
regional WCPFC legal and technical support
scalar-fix scale regional diplomacy platform
high seas & EEZs SPG diplomatic influence
up policy agenda setting
scaling scalar interaction SPC fisheries resource evaluation scientific support
CMMs enactment
ecological model development
scale down
subregional purse seine longline
scalar-fix PNA vessel day scheme TKA pilot quota allocation implementation

Fig. 2 Rescaling tuna management in Western and Central Pacific Ocean

https://www.china-fishery.cn 中国水产学会主办 sponsored by China Society of Fisheries
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