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第 5 期 徐昆宇, 等: 3种珠光体钢轨焊接接头滚动磨损与损伤性能研究 767
Welded zone Welded zone Welded zone
600 Heat affected zone 50 Heat affected zone 25 Heat affected zone
500 40 20
Crack length/μm 300 Crack depth/μm 30 Crack angle/(°) 15
400
10
20
200
100 10 5
0
0 0
Rail 1# Rail 2# Rail 3# Rail 1# Rail 2# Rail 3# Rail 1# Rail 2# Rail 3#
(a) Crack length (b) Crack depth (c) Crack angle
Fig. 11 Fatigue crack size statistics
图 11 疲劳裂纹尺寸统计
10 25 4 25
Damage degree Damage degree
Crack angle 20 3 Crack angle 20
8
Damage degree/10 3 μm 2 6 4 15 Crack angle/(°) Damage degree/10 3 μm 2 2 1 15 Crack angle/(°)
10
10
0 2 5 0 0 5 0
285.2 299.4 353.1 279.9 287.8 289.6
Pearlite interlamellar spacing/nm Pearlite interlamellar spacing/nm
(a) Welded zone (b) Heat affected zone
Fig. 12 Relationship between pearlite lamellar spacing and damage degree and crack angle
图 12 珠光体片层间距与损伤程度和裂纹角度的关系
3 结论 度大于热影响区，裂纹角度小于热影响区，疲劳裂纹与
a. 3种焊接接头在焊缝中心处的硬度值较低，两 塑性变形保持一致. 随着珠光体片层间距的增大，钢
侧热影响区的硬度较大，在远离焊缝中心处时又有降 轨损伤程度先急剧增大，随着磨损的加剧，裂纹被去
除后变短，损伤程度有所减小，裂纹角度呈减小趋势.
低的趋势. 1#、2#和3#钢轨含碳量依次降低，珠光体片
层间距依次增大，先共析铁素体含量依次增加，硬度 参 考 文 献
随之降低. 在热影响区，3种焊接接头珠光体组织均有 [ 1 ] Zou Xiaochun, Zhang Jun, Sun Chuanxi, et al. Simulation
不同程度破碎，组织得到细化，珠光体片层间距较焊 calculation and experimental research on contact between
缝区有所减小，硬度增大. locomotive wheel tread and rail[J]. Tribology, 2020, 40(1): 128–134 (in
b. 磨损率随平均硬度的增加而降低，不同材料表 Chinese) [邹小春, 张军, 孙传喜, 等. 机车车轮踏面与钢轨接触的
仿真计算及试验研究[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2020, 40(1): 128–134]. doi:
面均有明显裂纹，扩展路径近乎与滚动方向垂直. 焊
10.16078/j.tribology.2019146.
缝处表面裂纹长而稀疏，表现为大块起皮剥落；热影
[ 2 ] Frank N. New rail could solve rolling contact fatigue[J].
响区表面裂纹短而密集，表现为轻微起皮. 1#钢轨焊 International Railway Journal: IRJ, 2003, 43(5): 49–50.
缝处表面损伤表现为稀疏的大块剥落，2#和3#钢轨焊 [ 3 ] Wu Bowen, Liu Ting, Wang Xiaocui, et al. Formation of
缝处表面损伤较为密集. polygonalization of the high-speed train wheels based on the finite
element method[J]. Tribology, 2022, 42(01): 131–141 (in Chinese) [吴
c. 焊缝区的塑性变形层厚度大于热影响区，其中
波文, 刘婷, 王晓翠, 等. 基于有限元的高速列车车轮多边形磨耗
2#钢轨的塑性变形最严重. 焊缝区的疲劳裂纹均表现
成因分析[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2022, 42(01): 131–141]. doi: 10.16078/j.
为多层裂纹，材料内部发生不同程度的破碎，热影响 tribology.2020250.
区表现为短而浅的单条裂纹. 焊缝区的裂纹长度和深 [ 4 ] Li Zili, Zhao Xin, Esveld C, et al. An investigation into the causes of
