Page 80 - 《摩擦学学报》2021年第1期
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第 1 期             王松, 等: 髓核固定/滑动型人工颈椎间盘应力特征对比及关节面摩擦学优化设计                                      77

                 mode, more uniform stress transmission, while the disadvantages of increasing stress from 1.36 MPa to 2.43 MPa due to
                 complex movement of nucleus pulposus. The total deformation of fixed type was much smaller than that of sliding type.
                 Taking nucleus pulposus component as an example, the former was only 22.5% of the latter. However, both types
                 showed the phenomenon of bigger total deformation on the front and back end of the prosthesis. The order of the
                 influence weight on contact stress was hemispherical height > ball radius > radial clearance for articular surface
                 parameters. It revealed lower stress with bigger values of hemispherical height and ball radius as well as smaller value of
                 radial clearance. The order of the influence weight on lubrication state was radial clearance > ball radius. It revealed
                 better lubrication state under smaller value of radial clearance and bigger value of ball radius. The best parameter
                 combination was 16.00 mm, 10.0 μm and 1.2 mm for ball radius, radial clearance and hemispherical height, respectively.
                 Under this combination, the maximum contact stress of the prosthesis with sliding nucleus pulposus was the smallest
                 with a value of 2.79 MPa, and the lubrication state was the best with a λ value of 0.573.
                 Key words: fixed nucleus pulposus dsign; sliding nucleus pulposus design; artificial cervical disc; contact stress;
                 articular surface; tribological optimization

                我国约有7%~10%的人患有颈椎病且发病率仍在                        此外,临床也发现人工椎间盘远期可能会出现异位骨
                [1]
            攀升 ,其中重症患者须借助植入器械进行手术治疗,                           化导致丧失运动功能         [23-24] ,因此,结构设计也关系到假
            目前椎间盘置换术已逐渐得到医生和患者一致认可                     [2-3] .  体长期运动功能维持. 为此,针对髓核固定型和滑动
            且临床研究证明置换术相对传统融合术具有保持邻                             型两款设计,拟通过有限元分析对比应力和变形分布
            近节段正常活动度和稳定性、改善椎间压力、减少邻                            特征,并采用正交试验法进行关节面关键结构参数摩
            近节段发病率等优点,被认为是最有前景的脊柱生物                            擦学优化设计,进而提高假体长期可靠性.
            力学重建技术      [4-5] .
                                                               1    材料与方法
                人工颈椎间盘作为置换术的关键假体,近20年来
            得到了长足发展        [6-7] . 与髋膝人工关节类似,对磨损产              1.1    球窝型人工颈椎间盘结构设计
            生磨屑可能导致骨溶解的担忧一直困扰着研发人                                  球窝结构是临床最常见的人工椎间盘设计类型,它
                                         [10]
            员 [8-9] . 为了提高假体材料耐磨性 ,一方面进行耐磨                     一般由上终板、髓核和下终板三部分构成. 以Depuy公
            改性处理,如DLC膜         [11] 、UHMWPE交联  [12] 和掺杂维       司最新一代颈椎间盘假体Prodisc-C Vivo为例(见图1),
            生素等    [13] ;另一方面开展新型关节面材料研究,如                     上下终板和髓核材料分别为钛合金、UHMWPE,髓核
                 [14]
            PEEK 等.                                            与下终板通过过盈配合固定,并与镶嵌在上终板的钴
                作者前期也针对不同配副材料开展了大量耐磨                           铬钼内衬构成球窝结构摩擦面,提供颈椎活动所需的
            改性研究     [15-17] ,并针对球窝假体模型开展了磨损评估,                屈伸、侧弯和旋转等运动模式.
            发现关节面球头边缘均出现环形损伤现象,导致表面                                参考国外现有数十款人工椎间盘产品设计思路,
            疲劳失效和大量材料去除            [18-19] . 因此,除材料配副外,        依托前期建立的国人颈椎生理参数数据库及关键参
            关节面结构设计更会影响假体磨损和润滑性能                      [20-22] .  数统计规律,设计了髓核固定型[图1(b)]和髓核滑动

                                 (a)                         (b)                   (c)
                          Socket






                           Endplate




                     Nucleus pulposus


             Fig. 1  Prodisc-C vivo artificial cervical disc (a),3D structure of artificial cervical disc with fixed (b) or sliding (c) nucleus pulposus
                      图 1    Prodisc-C Vivo人工颈椎间盘(a)、髓核固定型(b)和髓核滑动型(c)国产人工颈椎间盘三维结构图
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