Page 53 - 《摩擦学学报》2020年第5期

第 40 卷 第 5 期 摩 擦 学 学 报 Vol 40 No 5
2020 年 9 月 Tribology Sept, 2020

DOI: 10.16078/j.tribology.2020001

近场动力学框架下钢轨疲劳裂纹萌生预测的

数值方法研究

*
马晓川 , 刘林芽, 张鹏飞, 冯青松
(华东交通大学 铁路环境振动与噪声教育部工程研究中心，江西 南昌 330013)

摘 要: 经典连续介质力学在求解由裂纹引起的不连续问题时，会出现数学构架失效的情况. 为克服这一难题，基于
近场动力学理论，构建铁路钢轨疲劳裂纹萌生的数值预测方法，可实现钢轨疲劳裂纹萌生寿命与位置的预测. 当未
出现疲劳裂纹时，通过与经典连续介质力学模型的结果对比，验证近场动力学模型的正确性和适用性. 分析了车轮
全滑动、黏着-滑动和无摩擦三种状态对钢轨疲劳裂纹萌生的影响规律，结果表明：车轮由全滑动向无摩擦转变的过
程中，裂纹萌生位置由钢轨表层转移到内部，裂纹萌生所需的荷载循环次数由0.45×10 次增至2.05×10 次，可见车轮
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滚滑状态会影响裂纹的萌生位置，并且较大的切向接触应力会显著降低钢轨的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命.
关键词: 疲劳裂纹; 近场动力学; 经典连续介质力学; 数值方法; 轮轨接触
中图分类号: U213.4+2 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1004-0595(2020)05–0608–07

Numerical Method for Predicting Rail Fatigue Crack Initiation

with Peridynamic Theory

*
MA Xiaochuan , LIU Linya, ZHANG Pengfei, FENG Qingsong

(Engineering Research Center of Railway Environment Vibration and Noise, Ministry of Education, East China
Jiaotong University, Jiangxi Nanchang 330013, China)
Abstract: The mathematical framework of classical continuum mechanics fails when sovling discontinuity problems
caused by cracks. In order to overcome this problem, a numerical prediction method for rail fatigue crack initiation was
proposed based on the peridynamic theory. The crack initiation life and position of the rail can be predicted using this
method. When there were no fatigue cracks, the correctness and applicability of the peridynamic model were verified by
comparison with the results of the classical continuum mechanical model. The effects of three wheel states including full
sliding, stick-sliding and frictionless on the fatigue crack initiation of the rail were analyzed. The results showed that
during the transition of the wheel state from full sliding to frictionless, the crack initiation position transferred from the
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surface of the rail to the interior, and the number of load cycles required for crack initiation increased from 0.45×10 to
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2.05×10 . It can be seen that the rolling-sliding states of the wheel affected the location of crack initiation, and the large
tangential contact stress significantly reduced the fatigue crack initiation life of the rail.
Key words: fatigue crack; peridynamic; classical continuum mechanics; numerical method; wheel-rail contact

[1]
近年来，我国高速及重载铁路的发展速度迅猛， 现形式之一 ，疲劳裂纹的萌生和发展，不仅会降低钢
然而，随着行车密度及轴重的提高，钢轨的疲劳损伤 轨服役寿命，严重时甚至会导致断轨，直接威胁行车
问题愈加严重，其中，裂纹是钢轨疲劳损伤的主要表 安全，若能预测钢轨疲劳裂纹的萌生寿命和位置，则

Received 2 January 2020, revised 8 February 2020, accepted 18 February 2020, available online 28 September 2020.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: mxc_rw@163.com, Tel: +86-13693407328.
The project was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20192BAB216035, 20181BAB216029) and the
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51808221).
江西省自然科学基金(20192BAB216035, 20181BAB216029)和国家自然科学基金(51808221)资助.