Page 39 - 《摩擦学学报》2020年第3期

第 40 卷 第 3 期 摩 擦 学 学 报 Vol 40 No 3
2020 年 5 月 Tribology May, 2020

DOI: 10.16078/j.tribology.2019210

列车车轮滚动接触疲劳裂纹评价研究

1,2
3
3
1*
刘颍宾 , 宫彦华 , 王 强 , 高 伟 , 张哲峰 1,2
(1. 中国科学院金属研究所 材料疲劳与断裂实验室，辽宁 沈阳 110016;
2. 中国科学技术大学 材料科学与工程学院，安徽 合肥 230026;
3. 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 技术中心，安徽 马鞍山 243000)
摘 要: 列车车轮踏面表层金属滚动接触疲劳是影响列车运行安全性和舒适性的核心科学问题. 借助金相显微镜、
扫描电镜、透射电镜和显微硬度计，通过开展列车车轮材料的标准滚动接触疲劳试验，将标准接触疲劳样品的损伤
行为与实际服役车轮的损伤行为对比分析，研究了列车车轮的滚动接触疲劳裂纹评价方法. 结果表明：车轮表层金
属接触疲劳开裂是表层金属累积塑性变形损伤的结果；标准滚动接触疲劳样品剥离坑的深度恰好等于硬化层的深
度，实际服役车轮剥离坑的深度小于硬化层的深度；将车轮表面的滚动接触疲劳裂纹命名为“三角形指向性裂纹”；
初步建立了车轮表面滚动接触疲劳损伤程度的定量评价方法.
关键词: 滚动接触疲劳; 列车车轮; 累积塑性变形; 剥离; 裂纹评价方法
中图分类号: TH117.3 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1004-0595(2020)03–0305–09

Evaluation of Rolling Contact Fatigue Crack of Train Wheels

1,2 3 1* 3 1,2
LIU Yingbin , GONG Yanhua , WANG Qiang , GAO Wei , ZHANG Zhefeng

(1. Materials Fatigue and Fracture Division, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Liaoning Shenyang 110016, China
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of
China, Anhui Hefei 230026, China
3. Technology Center, Ma’anshan Iron &Steel Co Ltd, Anhui Ma’anshan 243000, China)
Abstract: Rolling contact fatigue of the wheel tread, which affects the safety and comfort of train, is the key scientific
issue. Standard rolling contact fatigue test was carried out for a common wheel material and the damage behaviors of the
standard rolling contact fatigue sample and the service wheel were compared using metallographic microscope，scanning
electron microscope，transmission electron microscope and microhardness tester. The rolling contact fatigue crack
evaluation method of the train wheel were studied. The results show that the rolling contact fatigue cracking is the result
of cumulative plastic deformation damage of the surface metal. The depth of the spalling pit of the standard rolling
contact fatigue sample is exactly equal to the depth of the hardened layer. The depth of the spalling pit of the service
wheel is less than the depth of the hardening layer. The rolling contact fatigue crack on the wheel surface is designated
as “triangular directional crack. Quantitative evaluation method for rolling contact fatigue damage degree of wheel
surface was proposed.
Key words: rolling contact fatigue; train wheel; cumulative plastic deformation; spalling; crack evaluation method

随着现代铁路运输系统的快速发展，列车轴重和 命越来越短 [1-3] . 列车车轮在服役过程中踏面损伤问题
速度均不断增加，车轮受到的损伤也越来越严重，寿 频发，严重困扰着列车运行的安全性、经济性和舒适

Received 30 October 2019, revised 3 December 2019, accepted 27 December 2019, available online 28 May 2020.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: gmwang@imr.ac.cn, Tel: +86-24-83978226.
The project was supported by the Special Fund for Strategic Pilot Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences (B) (XDB22020202).
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类) (XDB22020202)资助.