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5 期                        孟   恬等:GPS掩星观测误差和边界层高度的判别                                       1199























                             图10   2007-2014年COSMIC掩星资料折射率确定的第一边界层梯度与对应LSW分布
                  Fig. 10  The gradient of PBL1 corresponding to LSW of COSMIC RO data in 2007-2014 is divided into colors according
                                        N
                         to the number of samples(a),average(b,unit:km)and standard deviation(c,unit:km)of PBL1 diff
                  表2   基于弯角和折射率判断的第一边界层高度差                       参考文献:
                   Table 2  Difference of PBLH1 based on bending
                             angle and refractivity              Anthes A,Ector R,Hunt C,et al,2012. The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3
                                                                    mission:Early results[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorologi‐
                 LSW               -dN/dz(N-unit/km)
                                                                    cal Society,89(3):313-333. DOI:10. 1175/BAMS-89-3-313.
                  /%       70       80        90       100       Ao C O,Hajj G A,Meehan T K,et al,2009. Rising and setting GPS
                  5        60       80       120       -            occultations by use of open-loop tracking[J]. Journal of Geophysi‐
                  10       80       100      120       160          cal Research Atmospheres,114(D4):D04101. DOI:10. 1029/
                                                                    2008jd010483.
                  15      100       100      120       160
                                                                 Ao C O,Waliser D E,Chan S K,et al,2012. Planetary boundary lay‐
                  20      100       100      120       160
                                                                    er heights from GPS radio occultation refractivity and humidity
                  25       -        120      120       160
                                                                    profiles[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,117
                  30       -        120      140       -            (D16):D16117. DOI:10. 1029/2012JD017598.
                  35       -        120      140       -         Basha G,Ratnam M V,2009. Identification of atmospheric boundary
                  -表示无数据                                            layer height over a tropical station using high-resolution radio‐
                                                                    sonde refractivity profiles:Comparison with GPS radio occulta‐
                      diff
               异(PBL )偏大。尽可能消除边界层误判影响后,                             tion measurements[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmo‐
                                                  diff
               进一步研究折射率梯度、LSW 与 PBL 的关系发                            spheres,114(D16):D16101. DOI:10. 1029/2008JD011692.
                       diff
               现,PBL1 随折射率梯度和 LSW 增加而增加。因                        Beyrich F,1997. Mixing height estimation from sodar data-A critical
                                                                    discussion[J]. Atmospheric Environment,31(23):3941-3953.
               此在中低纬度可以考虑将折射率梯度与 LSW 共同
                                                                    DOI:10. 1016/S1352-2310(97)00231-8.
               作为掩星资料判断边界层的质量控制因子。
                                                                 Born M,Wolf E,Hecht E,2000. Principles of optic:Electromagnetic
                   LSW 是反映弯角、折射率反演误差的物理量,                           theory of propagation,interference and diffraction of light[J].
               与折射率垂直梯度湿项有很好的线性关系。弯角                                Physics Today,53(10):77-78. DOI:10. 1063/1. 1325200.
               反演折射率时是基于球对称假定的,当折射率梯度                            Chan K M,Wood R,2013,The seasonal cycle of planetary boundary
               大时,射线路径不满足球对称假定,有较大的反演                               layer depth determined using COSMIC radio occultation data[J].
                                                                    Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,118(22):12,
                                                   diff
               误差。因此去除边界层误判影响后 PBL 随梯度增
                                                                    422-12,434. DOI:10. 1002/2013JD020147.
               大而增大。将来工作包括用更多观测资料定量研
                                                                 Culverwell I D,Lewis H W,Offiler D,et al,2015. The radio occulta‐
               究LSW与垂直梯度阈值用于质量控制。                                   tion processing package,ROPP[J]. Atmospheric Measurement
                                                                    Techniques,8(4):1887-1899. DOI:10. 5194 /amt-8-1887-2015.
               致谢:感谢 ROM SAF(Radio Occultation Meteo‐
                                                                 Dee D P,Uppala S M,Simmons A J,et al,2011. The ERA-Interim
               rologySatellite Application Facilities)项 目 的 ROPP
                                                                    reanalysis:configuration and performance of the data assimila‐
               程 序 包 以 及 CDAAC(COSMIC Data Analysis and             tion system[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological So‐
               Archive Center)的掩星数据。                                ciety,137:553-597. DOI:10. 1002/qj. 828.
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