Page 175 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第11期
P. 175
第 46 卷 第 11 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 11
2026 年 11 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Nov., 2026
DOI:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0342
甲烷-空气爆燃驱动的爆炸荷载模拟装置研发Ⅰ:
几何形式与结构设计 *
李 展 ,方 秦 ,刘文渊 ,颜海春 ,林煜舒 ,唐柏鉴 2
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(1. 陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾全国重点实验室,江苏 南京 210000;
2. 苏州科技大学土木工程学院,江苏 苏州 215000)
摘要: 如何高效地实现对试件的平面波加载,是爆炸荷载模拟装置设计的核心技术问题之一。为了研发安全、
经济、可重复使用的爆炸荷载模拟装置,基于现有试验装置、大尺寸激波管试验数据和 LS-DYNA 软件,建立了装置内
爆炸波传播的数值模型,提出了加载面处超压荷载均匀性的定量评估方法,数值计算分析了扩大段形状、长度及整形
段长度等参数对加载面超压荷载分布均匀性的影响;对扩大段和整形段的壁厚、环向加劲肋间距、高度等关键结构参
数进行了数值优化,实现了激波管扩大段与整形段几何与结构的优化设计;开展了爆炸荷载模拟装置的验证试验。研
究结果表明:建立的爆炸波传播数值模型能够准确模拟冲击波的演化过程,计算结果与试验数据吻合良好;基于超压
峰值和峰值到达时间误差等指标,实现了对加载面超压荷载均匀性的定量评价;在兼顾经济性的前提下,研发的爆炸
荷载模拟装置扩大段采用上下对称的形式,长度为 3 m,整形段长度可根据实际投入尽可能延长;以多次重复使用为目
标,经数值计算确定扩大段和整形段壁厚为 30 mm,环向加劲肋高度和间距均为 150 mm。设计方案的有效性通过了试
验验证,产生的爆炸荷载及结构抗爆性能均符合要求,研发的装置可用于结构构件的抗爆试验。
关键词: 爆炸荷载模拟装置;扩大段;整形段;LS-DYNA;结构设计
中图分类号: O382; TU362 国标学科代码: 13035 文献标志码: A
Development of methane-air deflagration-driven blast wave simulator Ⅰ:
geometric and structural design
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LI Zhan , FANG Qin , LIU Wenyuan , YAN Haichun , LIN Yushu , TANG Baijian 2
(1. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Explosion and Impact, Army Engineering University,
Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China;
2. School of civil engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China)
Abstract: Efficiently achieving plane wave loading on the test specimen is a key technical issue in the design of blast wave
simulators. Based on the existing device, testing data of large-scale shock tubes, and LS-DYNA software, numerical models of
blast wave propagation in simulators were established. Numerical simulations were conducted to develop a safe, economical,
and reusable blast wave simulator. A quantitative method for assessing the uniformity of overpressure load on the loading area
was proposed. Numerical analyses were performed to investigate the influence of the shape and length of the expansion section
and the length of the conditioning section on the uniformity of overpressure load on the loading area. Key structural
parameters, including the wall thickness of the expansion and conditioning sections, as well as the spacing and height of the
stiffeners, were numerically optimized. Validation tests were conducted on the blast wave simulator. It is found that the
established numerical model can accurately reproduce the blast wave propagation, and the prediction results show good
* 收稿日期: 2025-10-14;修回日期: 2026-03-05
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52278544,52008392)
第一作者: 李 展(1990― ),男,博士,副教授,lz.9008@163.com
通信作者: 方 秦(1962― ),男,博士,教授,fangqinjs@139.com
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