Page 65 - 《真空与低温》2026年第1期

真空与低温 第 32 卷 第 1 期
62 Vacuum and Cryogenics 2026 年 1 月

热 耦 合 型 双 级 脉 管 制 冷 机 性 能 仿 真 研 究

杜海鹏，许国太 ，庄昌佩，于锟锟，张学林，薛海亮，王景杰
*
（兰州空间技术物理研究所 真空技术与物理重点实验室，兰州 730000）

摘要：热耦合型双级脉管制冷机具有结构紧凑、运行稳定可靠的特性，在空间液氢温区制冷领域展现出巨大
潜力与应用前景，对其性能特性与优化方法的研究具有重要意义。论文基于理论分析，利用 Sage 软件建立了热耦
合型双级脉管制冷机数值模型，结合响应面优化方法，系统分析了预冷温度与低温级输入功率对低温级制冷性能
的影响。结果表明，低温级制冷量随预冷温度的升高呈下降趋势，随低温级输入功率的增大呈上升趋势；对于
低温级相对卡诺效率，预冷温度相较于低温级输入功率对其影响更为显著。通过响应面优化分析可得在预冷温
度为 67.8 K、低温级输入功率为 248.6 W 工况下，低温级相对卡诺效率达到峰值 4.3%，在 20 K 制冷温度下得到
1.476 W 的制冷量，最低无负载温度为 13.03 K。本研究为该类型制冷机的参数优化与系统设计提供了参考。
关键词：双级脉管制冷机；热耦合型；预冷温度；响应面优化法
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中图分类号：TB651 .4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7086（2026）01-0062-08
DOI：10.12446/j.issn.1006-7086.2026.01.008

Simulation Study on the Performance of Thermally Coupled Two-stage Pulse Tube Cryocooler

*
DU Haipeng，XU Guotai ，ZHUANG Changpei，YU Kunkun，ZHANG Xuelin，XUE Hailiang，WANG Jingjie
（Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory，
Lanzhou Institute of Physics，Lanzhou 730000，China）

Abstract：The thermally coupled two-stage pulse tube cryocooler，characterized by its compact structural configuration
and exceptional operational stability and reliability，demonstrates significant potential and promises application prospects in
the field of space-borne cryogenic refrigeration within the liquid hydrogen temperature range. Therefore，comprehensive re-
search on its performance characteristics and optimization approaches is of substantial importance. Based on theoretical anal-
ysis，this study established a numerical model of a thermally coupled two-stage pulse tube cryocooler using Sage software. By
integrating the response surface optimization method， we systematically investigated the effects of precooling temperature
and low-temperature stage input power on the cryocooler performance of the low-temperature stage. The results indicate that
the refrigeration capacity of the low-temperature stage decreases with increasing precooling temperature but increases with
higher input power to the low-temperature stage. Regarding the relative Carnot efficiency of the low-temperature stage，the
precooling temperature exhibits a more pronounced influence compared to the input power to the low-temperature stage.
Through response surface optimization analysis，it was determined that the relative Carnot efficiency of the low-temperature
stage reaches its peak of 4.3% under operating conditions of 67.8 K precooling temperature and 248.6 W input power to the
low-temperature stage，achieving a refrigeration capacity of 1.476 W at the refrigeration temperature of 20 K，with a mini-
mum no-load temperature of 13.03 K. This study elucidates the influence mechanisms of precooling temperature and low-
temperature stage input power on the cryocooler performance in a thermally coupled two-stage pulse tube cryocooler，provid-
ing valuable insights for parameter optimization and system design of this type of cryocooler.
Key words：two-stage pulse tube cryocooler；thermally coupled；precooling temperature；response surface methodology

0 引言 备及空间系统热管理等极端环境需求的关键技术
液氢温区制冷技术是满足深空探测、超导设 之一 [1-3] 。斯特林型脉管制冷机作为一种回热式制

收稿日期：2025−09−29
作者简介：杜海鹏，硕士研究生。E-mail：interstellar19@163.com
通信作者：许国太，研究员。E-mail：xugt_lip@163.com