Page 89 - 《真空与低温》2025年第4期

真空与低温 第 31 卷 第 4 期
504 Vacuum and Cryogenics 2025 年 7 月

薄 壁 多 孔 碳 -碳 复 合 材 料 栅 极 力 学 性 能 仿 真 与 试 验 评 价 研 究

高 斌，李 娟，王东升，耿 海，郭德洲，颜能文，刘东兵，王大年
（兰州空间技术物理研究所 真空技术与物理重点实验室，兰州 730000）

摘要：薄壁多孔碳-碳复合材料栅极搭载离子推力器入轨阶段将承受较大的冲击与振动，存在栅极结构断筋、
破损风险，严重影响离子推力器工作可靠性和服役寿命。针对 10 cm 口径离子推力器复合材料栅极研制需求，基
于 ABAQUS 有限元仿真平台开展了 10 cm 口径碳-碳栅极力学特性分析，研究了总均方根值（Grms）为 13.6g 随机
振动与 1 000g 加速度冲击谱力学响应，与等口径传统钼栅极组件进行仿真对比分析，并开展了 Z 向冲击试验验证。
研究表明：碳-碳栅极组件满足首阶共振频率大于 100 Hz 技术要求，无破坏性应力现象；碳-碳栅极较钼栅极抗冲
击安全系数更高，1 000g 加速度冲击下安全裕度为钼栅极的 2.53 倍，冲击试验特征阻值项良好，调整栅极初装栅
间距至 0.70 mm 可提升等口径离子推力器 10.52% 推力，通过栅极安装耳减震装置设计可进一步提升栅极动态稳
定性。
关键词：离子推力器；栅极组件；碳-碳复合材料；试验研究
中图分类号：TB71；V493.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006−7086（2025）04−0504−09
DOI：10.12446/j.issn.1006-7086.2025.04.012

Simulation and Experimental Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Thin-walled Porous
Carbon-carbon Composite Grid Electrode

GAO Bin，LI Juan，WANG Dongsheng，GENG Hai，GUO Dezhou，YAN Nengwen，LIU Dongbing，WANG Danian
（Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory，
Lanzhou Institute of Physics，Lanzhou 730000，China）

Abstract：Carbon-carbon composite grids possess advantages such as low density，excellent thermal stability，and a re-
duced ion sputtering rate. These characteristics make them an effective solution for enhancing the long-range performance，
longevity，and high specific impulse of future high-power ion electric propulsion systems. The grid is typically a vulnerable
component in ion thrusters，the thin-walled porous carbon-carbon composite grid mounted ion thruster will experience signifi-
cant impact and vibration during the orbital stage，which poses the risk of broken ribs and damage to the grid structure，seri-
ously affecting the reliability and service life of the ion thruster. To rationally design the carbon-carbon composite gate and
understand the stiffness variation law of the composite grid，in response to the development requirements for the composite
grid of a 10 cm diameter ion thruster，a mechanical characteristic analysis of a 10 cm diameter carbon grid was carried out
based on the ABAQUS finite element simulation platform. The 13.6g Grms random vibration and shock response spectrum
were investigated，and analyzed with the pole components through simulation. Z-direction impact tests were conducted for
verification.Research shows that carbon-carbon grid components meet the technical requirements of a first-order resonance
frequency greater than 100 Hz and have no destructive stress phenomena. Carbon-carbon screen grid has a higher impact
safety factor than molybdenum screen grid，with a safety margin of 2.53 times that of molybdenum screen grid under 1 000g
acceleration impact. The characteristic resistance value of the impact test is good. Adjusting the initial grid spacing of the
screen grid to 0.70 mm can increase the thrust of the equal caliber distance thruster by 10.52%.The design of the grid installa-
tion ear damping device can further improve the dynamic stability of the screen grid.
Key words：ion thruster；grid components；carbon-carbon composite material；experimental study

收稿日期：2024−10−09
基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFB3403500）
作者简介：高斌，硕士，助理工程师。E-mail：gaobin2021429@163.com