Page 138 - 《振动工程学报》2026年第2期

第 39 卷第 2 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 39 No. 2
2026 年 2 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering Feb. 2026

重 力 和 粘 结 性 能 对 RC 梁 冲 击 位 移 及 尺 度 效 应 的

影 响 分 析

李 健， 张仁波， 金 浏， 兰冬璆， 杜修力

（北京工业大学城市减灾与防灾防护教育部重点实验室，北京 100124）

摘要：受试验成本与条件限制，根据缩尺试验结果和经典相似律预测原型足尺梁的响应已成为一种常用手段。为研究冲击荷
载下经典相似律的适用性，开展了落锤冲击下 RC 梁跨中位移响应尺度效应的数值分析。建立了考虑重力和钢筋-混凝土粘
结滑移关系的 RC 梁有限元模型，对比了几何相似 RC 梁的归一化跨中位移时程与峰值，讨论了塑性、重力和粘结性能对
RC 梁跨中峰值位移及其尺度效应的影响。结果表明：低速冲击下，RC 梁跨中峰值位移不满足经典相似律，随着结构尺寸的
增大，归一化跨中峰值和残余位移逐渐增大；弹性梁与弹塑性梁和 RC 梁的冲击位移尺度效应规律不一致，塑性和损伤均为冲
击位移产生尺度效应的原因之一；考虑重力和粘结滑移单一或共同作用后，RC 梁跨中峰值位移增大，尺度效应增强；建议在
开展大尺寸或原型 RC 梁低速冲击数值研究时考虑重力和粘结滑移作用，以保证跨中峰值位移结果的准确性，进而提高应用
峰值位移进行评估或预测的可靠性。
关键词： 结构工程；低速冲击；数值分析；钢筋混凝土梁；尺度效应
中图分类号：TU375.1 文献标志码：A DOI：10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202312058

Effect analysis of gravity and bond slip on impact displacement

and scaling effect of RC beam

LI Jian，ZHANG Renbo，JIN Liu，LAN Dongqiu，DU Xiuli
（Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education，Beijing University of Technology，
Beijing 100124，China）

Abstract：Due to the limitations of test cost and conditions, the prediction on the response of prototype full-sized beams based on the scaled-
down test results and classical similarity laws has become a common technique. To investigate whether the classical similarity law is valid under
impact loading, numerical analysis of the scaling effect on the midspan displacement of RC beams under drop hammer impact was carried out.
A finite element model of geometrically similar RC beams considering gravity and reinforcement-concrete bond-slip relationship was
developed. The normalized mid-span displacement time histories and the peak values of geometrically similar beams were compared. The
effects of plastic, damage, gravity, and bond slip on the peak mid-span displacement of RC beams and their scaling effects were discussed. The
results showed that: under low-velocity impacts, the peak mid-span displacements of RC beams do not satisfy the classical similarity law, the
normalized peak and residual mid-span displacements gradually increase with increasing structural size; elastic beams are inconsistent with the
laws of impact displacement scaling effects for elastic-plastic and RC beams, both plasticity and damage are one of the reasons of the impact
displacement scaling effect; after considering the single or combined effects of gravity and bond slip, the mid-span peak displacement of RC
beams increases, and the scaling effect is enhanced; it is recommended to consider the effects of gravity and bond slip when conducting low-
velocity impact numerical studies on large-sized or prototype RC beams to ensure the accuracy of mid span peak displacement results and
improve the reliability of using peak displacement for evaluation or prediction.
Keywords：structural engineering；low velocity impact；numerical analysis；RC beam；scaling effect

为满足日益增长的功能与性能需求，土木工程 冲击和爆炸等强动载作用，从而影响到结构的性能
结构正不断向超高、超深、超长及超大跨度发展。 安全。开展钢筋混凝土（RC）结构动力响应分析和
在全寿命服役周期内，土木工程结构很可能会遭受 抗爆抗冲击防护设计具有十分重要的意义。

收稿日期：2023-12-26；修订日期：2024-01-29
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52308130）； 北京市自然科学基金资助项目（JQ22025）