Page 272 - 《振动工程学报》2025年第8期

第 38 卷第 8 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 38 No. 8
2025 年 8 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering Aug. 2025

桥墩沉降下山地齿轨车辆基本振动特性

陈兆玮 ， 张梦琪 ， 王 浪 ， 陈志辉 ， 杨吉忠 2
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（1. 重庆交通大学机电与车辆工程学院， 重庆 400074；
2. 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司科学技术研究院， 四川 成都 610031）

摘要: 齿轨铁路线路存在大量超大坡度桥梁，而桥墩沉降问题难以避免，这将导致齿轨线路平顺性下降，威胁列车运行安全性
和平稳性。针对该问题，本文基于列车‑轨道‑桥梁动力相互作用理论和齿轮动力学，建立考虑齿轮‑齿轨非线性啮合行为和轮
轨非线性接触行为的山地齿轨车辆‑齿轨（轨道）‑桥梁耦合动力学模型，探究 3 种不同桥墩沉降形式（单桥墩沉降、连续桥墩沉
降、间隔桥墩沉降）下齿轮‑齿轨啮合行为以及齿轨车辆动态特性，并在此基础上对比了不同形式桥墩沉降对齿轨车辆振动的
影响程度。研究结果表明：桥墩沉降对齿轨系统的影响主要体现在车辆垂、纵向加速度方面，其振动主频分别位于 1~2 Hz 之
间和 8~9 Hz 之间；单墩沉降工况与双墩沉降工况对齿轨‑桥梁系统基本振动特性的影响相似，但相比于双墩沉降工况，单墩沉
降对齿轨车辆纵向加速度的影响更为显著，同时，其啮合频率波动也明显增大；桥墩沉降会造成齿轮偏移量增大，进而导致齿
轮‑齿轨啮合不稳定，在桥墩沉降量为 6 mm 时，开始出现脱啮问题，严重威胁齿轨车辆运行安全性。
关键词: 齿轨铁路； 齿轮‑齿轨动力学； 桥墩沉降； 列车‑轨道‑桥梁动力相互作用； 振动特性
中图分类号: U234； U443.22 文献标志码: A DOI：10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.08.027

Basic vibration characteristics of mountain rack railway vehicles

under pier settlement

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CHEN Zhaowei ， ZHANG Mengqi ， WANG Lang ， CHEN Zhihui ， YANG Jizhong 2
（1.School of Mechatronics & Vehicle Engineering， Chongqing Jiaotong University， Chongqing 400074， China；
2.Science and Technology Research Institute of China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.， Ltd.， Chengdu 610031， China）
Abstract: There are a large number of ultra-large slope bridges in the rack railway line， and the settlement of bridge piers is diffi‑
cult to avoid. It leads to the decrease of the smoothness of the railway line and threaten the safety and smoothness of the train. To
solve this problem， based on the theory of vehicle-rack（track）-bridge dynamic interaction and gear dynamics， a coupled dynamic
model of mountain vehicle-rack（track） -bridge system is established. The dynamic model considers the nonlinear meshing behavior
of gear-rack and nonlinear contact behavior of wheel-rail in detail. The meshing behavior of gear-rack and the dynamic characteris‑
tics of vehicles under three different pier settlement modes （single pier settlement， continuous pier settlement and spaced pier set‑
tlement） are investigated， and the influence of different pier settlement modes on the vibration of vehicles is compared. The results
show that the influence of pier settlement on the rack railway system is mainly reflected in the vertical and longitudinal acceleration
of the vehicle， and the main frequency of vibration is 1~2 Hz and 8~9 Hz respectively. The effects of single pier settlement on the
basic vibration characteristics of the rack-bridge system are similar to those of double pier settlement. But compared with double
pier settlement， the effects of single pier settlement on the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle are more significant， and the fluc‑
tuation of the meshing frequency is also significantly increased. Pier settlement will cause the increase of gear offset， and then lead
to the instability of gear-rack meshing. When pier settlement is 6 mm， the problem of meshing apart begins to appear， which seri‑
ously threatens the operation safety of vehicles.

Keywords: rack railway； gear-rack dynamics； pier settlement； vehicle-track-bridge dynamic interaction； vibration characteristics

齿轨铁路具有卓越的爬坡能力，最大爬升坡度 齿轨线路。近年来，中国将其引入山区旅游景点，都
可达 480‰。截至目前，世界范围内已建成 180 多条 江堰、张家界等地已于 2019 年规划修建 Sturb 型齿

收稿日期: 2023‑10‑08； 修订日期: 2023‑12‑08
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52008067）；重庆市自然科学基金资助项目（CSTB2022NSCQ‑MSX1193）；重庆
市教育委员会科学技术研究项目（KJZD‑M202300701）