Page 107 - 《振动工程学报》2025年第8期
P. 107
第 38 卷第 8 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 38 No. 8
2025 年 8 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering Aug. 2025
多尺度改进差分滤波的旋转机械故障
特征提取研究
郭俊超 , 何清波 , 甄 冬 , 谷丰收 4
3
2
1
(1. 天津工业大学控制科学与工程学院,天津 300387; 2. 上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院, 上海 200240;
3. 河北工业大学机械工程学院,天津 300130; 4. 哈德斯菲尔德大学效率与效能工程中心, 哈德斯菲尔德 英国, HD1 3DH)
摘要: 为了准确地提取强烈背景噪声下的故障特征信息,提出了一种多尺度改进差分滤波器(MIDIF)用于旋转机械故障诊断。
利用 MIDIF 将旋转机械振动信号分解为一系列多尺度改进差分滤波信号。针对 MIDIF 滤波信号在揭示故障特征方面表现出
不同程度的有效性,提出了一种基于相关分析的加权重构方法,该方法将加权系数分配给相应的 MIDIF 滤波信号以突出旋转
机械故障特征成分。将加权系数与不同尺度下的 MIDIF 滤波信号相乘以产生瞬态脉冲分量,并利用包络谱中的故障缺陷频
率推断旋转机械的故障类型。试验结果表明,相比多尺度平均组合差值形态滤波(ACDIF)和多尺度形态梯度乘积滤波(MG‑
PO),MIDIF 能够更准确地提取故障特征,为旋转机械故障诊断提供了一种有效的方法。
关键词: 多尺度改进差分滤波器; 相关系数; 旋转机械; 故障诊断
中图分类号: TH133.33 文献标志码: A DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004‑4523.202304021
Research on rotating machinery fault feature extraction
based on multi-scale improved differential filter
2
3
1
GUO Junchao , HE Qingbo , ZHEN Dong , GU Fengshou 4
(1.School of Control Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
2.School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China;
4.Centre for Efficiency and Performance Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH,UK)
Abstract: To accurately extract fault feature information under strong background noise, a multi-scale improved differential filter
(MIDIF) is proposed for rotating machinery fault diagnosis. The rotating machinery vibration signal is decomposed into a series of
multi-scale improved differential filter signals using MIDIF. In view of that the MIDIF filtered signals exhibit varying extents of va‑
lidity in revealing fault features, a weighted reconstruction method using correlation analysis is proposed in which the weighted coef‑
ficients are counted and distributed to the corresponding MIDIF filtered signals to highlight the effective MIDIF filtered signals and
weaken the invalid ones. The weighted coefficients are multiplied with the MIDIF filtered signals under different scales to produce
transient impulse components. The fault types of rotating machines are inferred from the fault defect frequencies in the envelope
spectrum of the transient impulses. The results show that MIDIF is more accurate in extracting fault features than multi-scale aver‑
age combination different morphological filter (ACDIF) and multi-scale morphology gradient product operation (MGPO), and
that it provides an effective method for rotating machinery fault diagnosis.
Keywords: multi-scale improved differential filter; correlation coefficients; rotating machinery; fault diagnosis
旋转机械作为机械设备中重要的部件,由于实 至关重要 [1‑2] 。当发生局部故障时,通过缺陷与接触
际的工作条件不可避免地会产生各种故障,将影响 面的摩擦会产生瞬态脉冲成分。然而,由于强烈的
整个设备的安全稳定运行。因此,旋转机械的故障 随机噪声和谐波分量干扰,瞬态脉冲无法有效地从
诊断对于确保机械设备的可靠性和避免灾难性事故 振动信号中分离出来 [3‑4] 。因此,消除振动信号中随
收稿日期: 2023‑04‑17; 修订日期: 2023‑07‑03
基金项目: 天津市自然科学基金资助项目(23JCQNJC00550)

