Page 106 - 《渔业研究》2026年第3期

第 3 期 魏洪祥等： 稻−蟹−鲤共生系统下浮游生物群落结构与环境因子的关系 399

Relationship between plankton community structure and environmental
factors in rice-crab-carp symbiotic system

WEI Hongxiang，FENG Yan，WU Lina，XIAO Zuguo，ZHANG Tao，LIU Yong，LI Jingwei，YAN Youli *
(Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Liaoning Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Liaoyang 111000, China)

Abstract: [Objective] In order to explore the ecological characteristics of planktonic organisms in the rice-
crab-carp symbiotic system, we released different densities of Cyprinus carpio var. longke-12 mirrors in the rice
field to provide a basis for optimizing the rice-crab model. [Methods] Four groups of C. carpio var. longke-12
mirrors with different densities were polycultured in rice fields with Eriocheir sinensis from June to September
2022, and the ecological community structure of plankton was analyzed. [Results] A total of 72 species of
phytoplankton belonging to 7 phyla and 40 genera were detected in the water, among which Bacillariophyta and
Chlorophyta were the most, with 19 species each, accounting for 26.4% each. A total of 28 species belonging to
22 genera and 4 phyla of zooplankton were detected, with 16 species of rotifers accounting for 57.1%. The
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abundance of phytoplankton was 2.45×10 −4.36×10 cells/L, with an average of 3.35×10 cells/L; the abun-
dance of zooplankton ranged from 194.3 to 808.3 ind/L, with an average of 347.1 ind/L. The average Shannon-
Wiener diversity index (H’) of phytoplankton was 0.75 (range 0.92−2.12), and the average H’ value of zo-
oplankton was 1.36 (range 0.96−1.91). The average Pielou evenness index (J) of phytoplankton was 0.72 (range
0.32−0.96), and the average J value of zooplankton was 0.62 (range 0.43−0.86). The average Margalef species
richness index (D) of phytoplankton was 0.92 (range 0.67−1.14), and the average D value of zooplankton
was 1.30 (range 0.98−1.56). There were no significant differences in the three indices (H’, J, D) of phytoplank-
ton and zooplankton among groups (P>0.05). Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that Chrysophyta was signifi-
cantly positively correlated with total nitrogen (TN); Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta were
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significantly positively correlated with ammonia nitrogen (NH -N), total phosphorus (TP) and density of
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carp (D crap ); Pyrrophyta were significantly positively correlated with pH and permanganate index (COD );
Mn
Cryptophyta and Euglenophyta were negatively correlated with D . Rotifera were significantly positively cor-
crap
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related with NH -N and D crap , while Cladocera were significantly negatively correlated with NH -N and D crap .
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[Conclusion] The plankton community structure is greatly affected by environmental factors such as pH, NH -
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N, TN, TP, COD and D crap . With the increase in C. carpio var. longke-12 mirrors density, the abundance of
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Bacillariophyta increased, and the abundance of Cryptophyta and Euglenophyta decreased. The results of the
study provide theoretical support for the healthy ecological breeding model of rice-crab-carp.
Key words: symbiotic system; environmental factors; plankton