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274 渔 业 研 究 第 48 卷

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Acute toxicity test and safety evaluation of eight aquaculture drugs in
Hippocampus abdominalis juveniles

1
2
1*
1
1
1
HUANG Chunfang ，ZHUO Yuchen ，LIN Yu ，WENG Kejia ，FAN Haiping ，GAN Qifeng ，LIN Ershu 1
(1. Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China;
2. Fuzhou Blue Ocean Fishery Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350600, China)
Abstract: [Objective] The study aims to determine the safe concentrations of eight commonly used aquacul-
ture drugs (trichloroisocyanuric acid, formaldehyde, copper sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, zinc sulfate, metalaxyl,
benzalkonium bromide, and niclosamide) for Hippocampus abdominalis, providing theoretical guidance for
breeding, medication practices, and disease prevention in H. abdominalis aquaculture. [Methods] Under water
temperatures of 16−18 ℃, juvenile H. abdominalis [average body length: 4−6 cm; average body mass:
(1.83±0.26) g ] were exposed to these drugs using a semi-static water renewal and drug replenishment method.
The acute toxicity and toxic accumulation characteristics were analyzed through the maximum accumulation
coefficient (MAC). [Results] The MAC of 8 aquaculture drugs for juvenile H. abdominalis are all positive.
Their safe concentrations (SC), ranked from highest to lowest are as follows: formaldehyde (24.858 mg/L),
hydrogen peroxide (19.498 mg/L), trichloroisocyanuric acid (1.481 mg/L), metalaxyl (0.369 mg/L), copper
sulfate (0.339 mg/L), benzalkonium bromide (0.247 mg/L), zinc sulfate (0.185 mg/L), and niclosamide
(0.024 mg/L). [Conclusion] All eight drugs exhibited positive MAC values, indicating stronger cumulative tox-
icity than detoxification effects. Toxicity classifications were: low toxicity for trichloroisocyanuric acid, formal-
dehyde, and hydrogen peroxide; moderate toxicity for copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, and metalaxyl; and high tox-
icity for niclosamide.
Key words: Hippocampus abdominalis; acute toxicity; safe concentration (SC); maximum accumulation coeffi-
cient (MAC); safety evaluation