Page 120 - 《渔业研究》2025年第3期

第 3 期 徐静怡等： 淡水微囊藻毒素污染现状及降解研究进展 377

Microcystins pollution in freshwater: a review of current status
and degradation advances

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XU Jingyi ，YI Xinqin ，WEI Suqi ，LEI Li ，MA Yantian ，ZHANG He 1*
(1. College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China;
2. School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China)
Abstract: [Background] The escalating impact of global warming and eutrophication has led to an increase in
large-scale outbreaks of Cyanobacteria, particularly Microcystis, in freshwater ecosystems. This phenomenon
results in the widespread accumulation of microcystins (MCs), a type of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxin with
potent biological activity. MCs not only exhibit significantly ecological toxicity, posing a serious threat to aquatic
biodiversity, but also due to their strong hepatotoxicity, they have been identified as potential promoters of liver
cancer, thereby posing substantial public safety hazards to both human and animal health. [Progress] Consider-
ing the environmental persistence of MCs and the limitations of traditional water treatment technologies in elim-
inating them, the search for effective methods to degrade MCs has become a pressing task in the field of envir-
onmental science and technology. This article provides a comprehensive review of the background of MCs pro-
duction, its ecological and public health hazards, and offers a detailed overview of recent research progress on
MCs degradation mechanisms. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research findings, the article fur-
ther emphasizes the critical importance of elucidating and optimizing MCs degradation mechanisms to enhance
environmental protection and ensure the safety of drinking water. [Significance] In view of the existing re-
search limitations and challenges, the article forecasts the future trends and potential research avenues for MCs
degradation strategies.
Key words: Cyanobacteria blooms; microcystins (MCs); toxin production and hazards; toxin degradation