Page 24 - 《运动与健康科学》(英文)2024年第2期

TaggedAPTARAEnd146 P.R.P. Nunes et al.
associated with an increased risk of premature mortality, 1719 in these outcomes. 30,52 In this regard, it is rational to expect
regardless of body mass index. 18 Thus, it is reasonable to that RT volume may modulate body adiposity, metabolic risk,
assume that prevention, treatment, and control/maintenance of and inflammation adaptations in postmenopausal and older
excess body adiposity levels, inflammation, and impairments females. However, there is no consensus on this topic.
in the metabolic profile are needed to reduce the burden of Recently, some meta-analytical studies demonstrated that
non-communicable diseases and premature mortality, particu- although RT does not affect body adiposity (no RCT studies
included), this type of exercise improves the inflammatory
larly in postmenopausal and older females.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPTo promote successful aging in postmenopausal and older (i.e., reductions in interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-a,
females, 20 public health guidelines recommend resistance and C-reactive protein (CRP)) and metabolic profile (i.e.,
training (RT) as a non-pharmacological intervention to blood lipids) in postmenopausal and older females. 5355
improve physical fitness (e.g., cardiorespiratory fitness, However, these studies did not explore the RT volume
muscular fitness, and body composition) and limit the develop- (dosage), which makes it difficult to understand the efficacy
ment and progression of chronic diseases and other disabling of RT prescription.TaggedAPTARAEnd
conditions. 2125 RT recommendations are usually based on TaggedAPTARAPAlthough qualitative synthesis has demonstrated benefits in
moderate-to-high intensity (i.e., 50%80% of 1 maximum favor of RT in postmenopausal and older females, no meta-ana-
repetition (1RM)), 510 exercises (major muscle groups), lytical studies to date have evaluated the changes induced by
13 sets of 815 repetitions per exercise, and 13 times per low- and high-volume RT (HVRT) on body adiposity (particu-
2123,26
week (total volume: »1590 sets/week). However, larly abdominal adiposity), metabolic risk, and inflammation
there is a lack of consensus regarding the efficacy of RT outcomes. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, no
for improving body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflamma- meta-analytical studies have aimed to summarize the evidence
tion outcomes, since meta-analytical studies demonstrated on whether RT volume is a key factor for improving physiologi-
small-to-moderate effects 2734 or null effects. 3540 The lack cal adaptations in postmenopausal and older females. Therefore,
of consensus may be related to the designs (e.g., non-random- the current systematic review with meta-analysis of RCTs
ized controlled trials (non-RCTs) and caloric restriction studies) aimed to compare the changes caused by low-volume RT
and population characteristics (e.g., young, middle, and older (LVRT) or HVRT on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and
inflammation outcomes compared to a control group (CG) in
adults; studies involving males and females) of the studies.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPSpecifically, postmenopausal and older females are charac- postmenopausal and older females. We hypothesized that both
terized by a particular physiological condition due to low LVRT and HVRT would improve body adiposity, metabolic
concentrations of estrogen, which is different from other popu- risk, and inflammation compared to CG, and that HVRT would
lations (e.g., pre-menopausal females and males) regarding result in superior changes compared to LVRT.TaggedAPTARAEnd
body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation. 1,4,41,42
Indeed, estrogen may protect against excess body fat storage
TaggedAPTARAH12. MethodsTaggedAPTARAEnd
since a reduction in estrogen signaling (e.g., estrogen receptor
a signaling) has been associated with reductions in energy TaggedAPTARAH22.1. Data source and search strategyTaggedAPTARAEnd
expenditure, which favors a positive energy balance and TaggedAPTARAPThis systematic review was performed following the
1
increased body adiposity. Moreover, estrogen levels have been Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-
associated with anti-inflammatory modulation due to mitigating Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines 56 (Supplementary Tables 1 and
reactive oxygen species and transcription factors that lead to an 2) and is registered on the International Prospective Register
3
increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, low estrogen of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42022322587).
levels may increase the pro-inflammatory profile, which can English language articles were retrieved by title and abstract
3,4
impair the metabolic profile. Indeed, some studies have from the earliest record up to August 2022 from PubMed,
demonstrated that postmenopausal and older females on Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO by 2 independent
estrogen replacement therapy present lower levels of body authors (MAdSC and PRPN). The search strategy (based on
adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation when compared to Medical Subject Headings) combined the following terms:
postmenopausal and older females with no estrogen “Post-Menopause”; “Resistance Training”; “Adiposity”;
therapy. 4345 Collectively, this evidence suggests an important “Inflammatory profile”; “Metabolic Syndrome” (the full
link between estrogen levels with body adiposity, metabolic search strategy is reported in Supplementary Table 3). In addi-
risk, and inflammation outcomes. Therefore, it is reasonable to tion, the grey literature (e.g., abstracts, conference papers, and
assume that postmenopausal and older females may have editorials) was excluded. A third reviewer (PCS) evaluated the
distinct RT adaptations compared to other populations regarding
article in the case of disagreements.TaggedAPTARAEnd
body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation outcomes.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPRCTs have demonstrated that RT volume with
TaggedAPTARAH22.2. Study selectionTaggedAPTARAEnd
»5090 sets/week promotes null-to-small effects on body
adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation outcomes in post- TaggedAPTARAPTwo independent authors (MAdSC and PRPN) performed
menopausal and older females. 4651 Interestingly, some the systematic search and completed the study selection. The
evidence suggests that a higher RT volume, with eligibility criteria were determined according to PICOS: Popu-
»80144 sets/week, is associated with greater improvements lation (postmenopausal or older females), Intervention (RT),