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Cai Zhiwu is currently a senior engineer at Beijing Satellite Navigation Center. Han, C. (2017). Principle of space-time measurement. . Science Press.
He engaged in research on satellite navigation technique and time scale Han, C., & Cai, Z. (2019). Relativistic efects to the on-board BeiDou satellite
theory. clocks. Navigation, 66(1), 49–53.
Han, C., Cai, Z., Lin, Y., & Liu, L. (2013). Time synchronization and performance
Lin Yuting is currently a senior engineer at Beijing Satellite Navigation Center. of BeiDou satellite clocks in orbit. International Journal of Navigation and
He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Information Engineering in 2009. Observation. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1155/ 2013/ 371450.
His current research focuses mainly on time keeping, satellite timing and Han, C., Yang, Y., & Cai, Z. (2011). BeiDou navigation satellite system and its time
precise time and frequency transfer technologies. scales. Metrologia, 1394(48), 213–218.
Klioner, S. A. (2003). A practical relativistic model for microarcsecond astrom-
Funding etry in space. The Astronomical Journal, 125, 1580–1597.
This study is supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Liu, L. (2018). Development and update strategy of BeiDou reference frame. In
Foundations of China (Grant Nos. 11703065, 11573054), and from the Chinese 13th Meeting of the international committee on global navigation satellite
Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2018YFE0118500). systems, Xi’an, China.
Liu, L. (2019). BDCS Update. In 14th Meeting of the international committee on
Availability of data and material global navigation satellite systems, Bengaluru, India.
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated. Liu, L., Zhang, T., Zhou, S., Hu, X., & Liu, X. (2019). Improved design of control
segment in BDS-3. Navigation, 2019, 1–11.
Competing interests Liu, L., Zhu, L., & Han, C. (2009). The model of radio two-way time compari-
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. son between satellite and station and experimental analysis. Chinese
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 33(4), 431–439.
Author details Petit, G. (2000). Proceedings of IAU colloquium 180.Cambridge: Cambridge
1 Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shang- University Press. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1017/ S0252 92110 00004 03
2
hai 200030, China. Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100094, China. Petit, G., & Luzum, B. (2010). IERS conventions. In IERS Tech. Note, 36.
Petit, G., & Wolf, P. (1994). Relativistic theory for picosecond time transfer in the
Received: 5 October 2020 Accepted: 19 March 2021 vicinity of the Earth. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 286, 971–977.
Sofel, M., Klioner, S. A., Petit, G., Wolf, P., Kopeikin, S. M., Bretagnon, P., Brum-
berg, V. A., Capitaine, N., Damour, T., Fukushima, T., & Guinot, B. (2003). The
IAU 2000 resolutions for astrometry, celestial mechanics and metrology
in the relativistic framework: explanatory supplement. The Astronomical
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