Page 22 - 《水产学报》2025年第5期

马宝珊，等 水产学报, 2025, 49(5): 059301

Research progress on conservation and utilization of schizothoracine fishes
(Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae)

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MA Baoshan , WU Yidi , HUO Bin , JIN Jiali , WANG Hong ,
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HE Huke , LI Yunfeng , LIANG Hongwei 1*
1. National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing,
Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China;
2. College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
3. Livestock Technology Service Center of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gannan 737000, China
Abstract: Schizothoracine fishes (Cyprinidae, Osteichthyes) are a group of cyprinid fishes distributed in and around the Qing-
hai-Xizang Plateau. China is a concentrated distribution area of schizothoracine fishes, with a total of 11 genera and about 99
species and subspecies, mainly distributed in plateau rivers and lakes in Xizang, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan,
Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Hubei and Hunan provinces. Schizothoracine fishes share the morphological trait that special-
ized scales (anal scales) distribute on each side of the anal and anal fin bases, which are characterized by slow growth, long life
span, late sexual maturity, and low fertility. With the development of society and economy, human activities such as overfish-
ing, biological invasion and hydroelectric development have seriously threatened the survival of schizothoracine fishes, and
most schizothoracine fishes are in the status of critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable and near threatened at present. In
order to protect and restore the natural populations of schizothoracine fishes, the establishment of aquatic germplasm resource
reserves and artificial proliferation and release are the two primary measures adopted. The comprehensive ban on fishing for 5
to 10 years is another robust measure. Schizothoracine fishes are typical cold-water fishes with high water quality requirements,
usually can only live in pollution-free cold water at high altitude areas, with high protein content, tender and delicious meat,
easy processing, rich in amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. Schizothoracine fishes have become a new
economic growth point in the local market and have broad consumption prospects. In the context of large-scale conservation
and a total ban on fishing, the artificial farming of schizothoracine fishes can not only protect their natural resources, but also
meet the expanding market demand and increase the income of local fishermen. After decades of scientific and technological
research and breeding promotion, the large-scale breeding and commercial culture of schizothoracine fishes have been realized.
By referring to relevant literature and combining with field investigation, this study summarized and reviewed the research pro-
gress of the biological characteristics, resource conservation status, germplasm evaluation and genetic breeding, breeding tech-
niques, and intensive processing of schizothoracine fishes, focused on the exploration of germplasm genetic resources, artificial
breeding and technology development, and finally analyzed the existing problems and development prospects. This study
provides a reference for the resource conservation of schizothoracine fishes and the high-quality development of fishery culture
in mountainous areas.
Key words: schizothoracine fishes; resource conservation; genetic analysis; culture; disease; exploitation and utilization
Corresponding authors: LI Yunfeng. E-mail: lyf086@yfi.ac.cn;
LIANG Hongwei. E-mail: lianghw@yfi.ac.cn
Funding projects: Project of Yellow River Fisheries Resources and Environment Investigation from the MARA; National
Freshwater Aquatic Germplasm Resource Center (FGRC18537); Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research
Fund, CAFS (2023TD09, 2023TD33)

中国水产学会主办 sponsored by China Society of Fisheries https://www.china-fishery.cn
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