Page 4 - 摩擦学学报2025年第4期

492 摩擦学学报（中英文） 第 45 卷

Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi Xi'an 710072, China;;
2. State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gansu Lanzhou 730000, China)
Abstract: In daily life and industrial production, friction can lead to the loss of energy, which will reduce the efficiency
of machinery and even reduce the service life of equipment. The pursuit of effective anti-wear and wear reduction
strategies has aroused great interest. Lubricating oil is an effective solution to reduce friction and wear. However, the
base oil with limited performance is difficult to keep up with the rapid development of modern industry. Lubrication
additives are essential to compensate for these deficiencies and provide an effective method to improve lubrication
performance. Carbon nanomaterials are known for their exceptional chemical stability, mechanical properties, and
thermal conductivity, making them ideal candidates for lubricant additives. In this paper, polyaniline pyrrole (PACP)
was prepared by interfacial polymerization of aniline and pyrrole, which was used as a precursor and carbonized at a
certain temperature to prepare a class of organic carbon nanomaterials (PCN). Then, the PCN was modified with KH590
to obtain the–SH groups functionalized PCN (SH-PCN). Finally, SH-PCN was further functionalized with garlic
oil (GO) to improve their dispersion stability and tribological performance in base oil. Garlic oil, rich in organic sulfides
such as diallyl disulfide and isobutylene sulfide, demonstrated excellent extreme pressure capabilities. The GO was
chemically bonded to the surface of carbon nanomaterials via a coupling agent, resulting in garlic oil-functionalized
carbon nanomaterials. The structure, morphology and composition of the synthetic materials were analyzed
comprehensively. It could be seen from the morphology that PCN still maintained good spheroid morphology after
carbonization at high temperature, which was due to the hypercross linked conjugated structure of PACP. These test
results of FI-IR, XPS and Zeta potential clearly indicated the successful grafting of garlic oil (GO) onto the PCN carbon
nanomaterials. Subsequently, their tribological performances were evaluated under different test conditions (different
addition amount, changing loads, changing temperatures and frequencies). The prepared GO-SH@PCN-500 as a
lubricant additive could increase the load resistance of base oil from 200 N to 450 N, reduce the average friction
5 3 5 3
coefficient from 0.18 to 0.11, and reduce the wear volume from 2.5×10 μm to 0.13×10 μm . The excellent tribological
performances were due to the formation of a strong protective film through the tribochemical reaction between the
friction pairs, which effectively prevented direct contact between the friction pairs and significantly reduced friction and
wear. This research not only provided a viable approach for the preparation of carbon nanomaterials as lubricating
additives but also identifies the factors influencing the tribological properties of these additives, which contributing to
the development of carbon-based lubricant additives with improved tribological performance for practical applications.
Key words: carbon nanomaterials; lubricant additives; garlic oil; click reaction; anti-wear and friction reduction

在现代化工业体系中，摩擦与磨损会带来极大的 械性能，同时较为绿色环保，成为润滑添加剂的理想
[7]
能源损失和材料消耗，这会直接导致机械使用寿命的 材料 . 然而未经修饰的纳米颗粒容易在基础油中发
缩短和机械效率的降低 [1-2] . 合理的润滑手段可以有效 生聚集，显示出较差的分散稳定性，直接影响润滑油
减少摩擦磨损带来的负面影响，一般而言，在相对运 的摩擦学性能，许多研究都致力于生产分散稳定性良
[8]
[9]
动的物体表面间添加润滑剂可以起到减缓磨损、降低 好的纳米添加剂 . 例如，Gao等 采用不同的表面活
阻力的效果，润滑油作为流体润滑剂的典型代表具有 性剂和碳纳米管(CNTs)的混合物作为润滑油添加剂，
最广泛的应用 [3-4] . 然而随着工业技术的飞速发展，基 结果表明，添加了烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APE-10)和CNTs

础油由于性能的单一已经不足以满足多种复杂工况 的润滑油具有极低的摩擦系数(0.121)以及磨坑深度
[10]
要求，而润滑添加剂的使用可以弥补基础油的性能不 (7.024 μm). Wu等 通过十八胺修饰石墨烯用作润滑
[5]
足，是改善润滑油性能最直接有效的手段 . 油添加剂，并添加聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐作为分散剂，结
纳米材料由于独特的物理性质被广泛应用于润 果表明，添加十八胺修饰石墨烯的润滑剂摩擦系数低
滑添加剂的研究中，由于其小尺寸效应，纳米颗粒可 至约0.10，与纯PAO-6相比，数值减少了约40%. 本文中
对摩擦副表面进行修复和填补，强化摩擦副表面，同 研究的炭材料由聚合物衍生而来，保留了部分有机
时还容易形成1层易剪切的摩擦保护膜来避免摩擦副 相，因而在基础油中具有良好的分散稳定性. 例如：Wang
[11]
[6]
之间的直接接触从而降低摩擦系数 . 在纳米材料中， 等 研究了超交联聚苯乙烯球碳化衍生的氮掺杂多
炭纳米材料由于具有良好的化学稳定性和优异的机 孔炭纳米球的摩擦学性能，其良好的分散稳定性主要