Page 80 - 《摩擦学学报》2021年第5期

第 41 卷 第 5 期 摩 擦 学 学 报 Vol 41 No 5
2021 年 9 月 Tribology Sept, 2021

DOI: 10.16078/j.tribology.2020162

胆碱杂环二酸离子液体水润滑添加剂的

制备及结构-性能关系研究

马 琳, 鲁 昱, 靳亚英, 李文倩, 凡明锦 *

(宝鸡文理学院 化学化工学院 陕西省植物化学重点实验室, 陕西 宝鸡 721013)
摘 要: 以胆碱和杂环二酸为原料，在去离子水中原位制备了添加剂[Ch] 2 [Hdc]，并研究了它们的摩擦学性能、腐蚀
性、水生生物毒性与分子结构之间的构效关系. 研究发现，水溶液的运动黏度随着水中生成的[Ch] 2 [Hdc]浓度的增
加而增大，并且当[Ch] 2 [Hdc]的分子结构对称性较低、极性较大时，水的黏度增加值相对较大. 这是由于添加剂分子
极性较大时，分子间相互作用力较大，导致溶液的黏度增幅更大. 摩擦学性能测试发现，当[Ch] 2 [Hdc]的浓度相对较
低时，水溶液的减摩抗磨性能与[Ch] 2 [Hdc]分子在摩擦副表面的吸附能力有关，分子极性较大，吸附能力较强的
[Ch] 2 [Hdc]可在摩擦副表面形成更为牢固的润滑保护膜，因而能有效改善水的减摩抗磨性能，反之则不能. 当
[Ch] 2 [Hdc]的浓度相对较高时，水溶液的减摩性能与其黏度呈反相关关系，抗磨性能则与其黏度呈正相关关系. 这
是由于润滑剂黏度相对较大时，其内摩擦力较大，因而表现出较高的摩擦系数，即较差的减摩性能；然而，黏度相对
较大的润滑剂则可以在摩擦副表面形成更为牢固的润滑保护膜，因而表现出较低的磨损体积，即较好的抗磨性能.
腐蚀试验结果表明，[Ch] 2 [Hdc]可显著降低水对金属基底材料的腐蚀性. 毒性试验显示[Ch] 2 [Hdc]对绿藻和海虾毒
性远远小于传统离子液体L-B104.
关键词: 杂环二酸; 离子液体; 润滑剂; 添加剂; 摩擦学性能; 生物毒性
中图分类号: TH117.2 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1004-0595(2021)05–0669–11

Preparation and Structure-Performance Relationship of Choline

Heterocyclic Dicarboxylate Ionic Liquid lubricants

*
MA Lin, LU Yu, JING Yaying, Li Wenqian, FAN Mingjin

(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry &Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of
Arts and Sciences, Shanxi Baoji 721013, China)
Abstract: Lubricating additives [Ch] 2 [Hdc] were synthesized in situ by a reaction between choline and heterocyclic
dicarboxylic acids in water. The structure-activity relationship between the performance, tribological property, corrosion
performance, aquatic toxicity, and the additives molecular framework were investigated. The results showed that the
kinematic viscosity of the aqueous solution increased as the raising of the additive ([Ch] 2 [Hdc]) concentration.
Moreover, when the molecular structure of [Ch] 2 [Hdc] had low symmetry and high polarity, the viscosity increase was
relatively large. This was due to that, when the additive molecule had higher polarity, the intermolecular interaction was
greater, and it led to the larger viscosity of the solution. The tribological test results showed that the friction-reducing
and anti-wear performance of the aqueous solution was related to the adsorption capacity of [Ch] 2 [Hdc] molecular on the
metal surface of the friction pairs. Effective lubricating protective films formed by the [Ch] 2 [Hdc] which had higher

Received 28 July 2020, revised 14 November 2020, accepted 16 November 2020, available online 28 September 2021.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: fanmingjin@bjwlxy.edu.cn, Tel: +86-917-3565561.
The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51675006) and an open fund of the State Key
Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (LSL-1812).
国家自然科学基金(51675006)和中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所固体润滑国家重点实验室开放基金(LSL-1812)资助.