Page 133 - 《摩擦学学报》2020年第6期

第 40 卷 第 6 期 摩 擦 学 学 报 Vol 40 No 6
2020 年 11 月 Tribology Nov, 2020

DOI: 10.16078/j.tribology.2020028

海洋生物水下粘附机理及仿生研究

彭宪宇, 马传栋, 纪佳馨, 李 静 *
(中国石油大学(华东)机电工程学院，山东 青岛 266580)

摘 要: 生物粘附行为往往是生物在长期进化过程中获得的一种特殊功能或者生存能力，然而仿生水下粘附材料和
结构如何充分再现生物材料的自适应能力一直是工程材料领域的研究难点. 本文作者基于自然界中丰富的粘附方
式，详细介绍了几类典型海洋生物(贻贝、藤壶、沙塔蠕虫、章鱼、䲟鱼、鲍鱼、海胆)的水下粘附机理，并概述了相关的
仿生设计(如DOPA改性水凝胶、吸盘贴、海胆机器人等)及其应用前景. 最后，对目前海洋生物粘附机理和相关仿生
研究进行归纳总结，阐述存在的问题，提出深入研究典型海洋粘附生物“粘附-脱附”的动态过程和调控机理的必要
性，并进一步指出仿生粘附研究在未来可逆、可控、绿色的发展方向和趋势.
关键词: 水下粘附; 海洋生物; 仿生设计; 黏液; 鲍鱼
中图分类号: G353.11 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1004-0595(2020)06–0816–15

Underwater Adhesion Mechanisms and Biomimetic
Study of Marine Life

*
PENG Xianyu, MA Chuandong, JI Jiaxin, LI Jing

(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Shandong Qingdao 266580, China)
Abstract: Bioadhesion is usually a special function or viability acquired by organisms during long-term evolution
process. However, it is difficult for the biomimetic underwater adhesion materials and structures to fully reproduce the
adaptive ability of biological materials in the field of engineering materials. Based on the rich ways of adhesion in
nature, the adhesion mechanisms of several typical marine organisms (mussels, barnacles, sand worms, octopuses,
catfish, abalone, sea urchins) are introduced in detail, and the corresponding design of the bionic devices (such as Dopa
modified hydrogel, suction cup stickers, sea urchin robots, etc) and their application prospects are investigated. Finally,
the current marine biological adhesion mechanism and related bionic research are summarized, and the existing
problems are proposed. It is pointed out the necessity of in-depth study on the dynamic process and regulation
mechanisms of "adhesion-desorption" of typical marine adherents. In addition, the future development directions of
bionic researches including reversible, controllable and environmental protection are expounded.
Key words: underwater adhesion; marine life; bionic design; mucus; abalone

众所周知，粘附是人类生产生活中常见的一种现 致两个接触面之间的粘结性能迅速丧失. 面对深海极
象. 但是在水环境中，水分子会进入粘附界面形成水 端和不可预测的复杂条件，精确调控表/界面的水下粘
化膜 [1-3] ，降低接触面积，或者对胶粘剂分子产生水化、 附性能已成为工程领域亟待解决的关键性难题之一.
溶胀，甚至降解作用 ，导致胶粘、机械互锁和范德华 道法自然，仿生是人类发展和创新的无尽源泉.
[4]
力等常用的粘附方法在水下作用非常有限，甚至会导 仿生研究就是带着工程中的具体技术难题去自然中

Received 17 February 2020, revised 4 April 2020, accepted 9 April 2020, available online 28 November 2020.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: lijing85@upc.edu.cn, Tel: +86-18366214728.
The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51975586, 11672335) and the Fundamental
Research Funds for the Central Universities (19CX02018A).
国家自然科学基金项目(51975586，11672335)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 (19CX02018A)资助.