Page 178 - 《高原气象》2022年第1期

高 原 气 象 41 卷
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［J］. 中国科学院院刊，34（11）：1210-1219. 484-496. DOI：10. 7522/j. issn. 1000-0534. 2019. 00015.

Analysis on the Temporal and Spatial Evolution Characteristics of Water

Vapor Transport and Budget over the Source Region of the Three-River

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CHEN Yaling ，WEN Jun ，LIU Rong ，JIANG Yuqin ，REN Guoqiang ，
LI Yueqi ，ZHANG Qiang ，LIU Zheng 1
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（1. Key Laboratory of Plateau Atmosphere and Environment，Sichuan Province，College of Atmospheric Sciences，
Chengdu University of Information Technology，Chengdu 610225，Sichuan，China；
2. Northwest Institute of Ecological Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Key Laboratory of Land
Surface Process and Climate Change in the Cold and Arid Region of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Room，
Lanzhou 730000，Gansu，China）
Abstract：The Source Region of the Three-River（SRTR）lies in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Xizang（Tibetan）
Plateau（QXP）and is one of the sensitive regions to climate change in East Asia. It is of great significance to
study the distribution，transport，and budget of water vapor for understanding the characteristics of the regional
precipitation. This research is based on the ERA5 reanalysis data of the European Centre for Medium-Range
Weather Forecasts（ECMWF）from 1980 to 2019，combined with the data of 9 radiosonde stations in the Nation‐
al Meteorological Data Center from 1981 to 2010. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of water va‐
por distribution，water vapor transport flux and budget of each boundary over the SRTR and its surrounding areas
are analyzed. The results show that there are significant differences in the spatial distribution of water vapor con‐
tent，which presents a high value region in the southeastern QXP and a low value region in the northwest of the
QXP. The distribution and value of water vapor content are different in four seasons，which exhibit the largest in
summer，followed by autumn and spring，and the least in winter. The annual cycle of water vapor content mani‐
fests the single peak over the SRTR and the Brahmaputra River basin. Water vapor is mainly concentrated in June
to August and its maximum appears in July with a value of 41. 6 mm. The inter-annual variation shows an increas‐
ing trend with a rate of 0. 4 mm·（10a） . The Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal are the main sources of water
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vapor over the SRTR，followed by the western airflow from the middle latitude and the northwestern airflow.
Three kinds of airflows form obvious convergence of water vapor transport flux over the Brahmaputra Grand
Canyon. There are seasonal discrepancies in the intensity of water vapor transport. Among the water vapor import
boundaries，the western boundary has the largest import（815. 3×10 kg·s ），followed by the southern boundary
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（724. 9×10 kg·s ）and the seasonal variations of the two boundaries are significant. The northern boundary has
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less import（317. 9×10 kg·s ），while the eastern boundary is the export boundary of water vapor flux，and the
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maximum water vapor export is in September with a value of 140. 5×10 kg·s . The net water vapor import is
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greater than the export，thus the water vapor flux is in surplus，which is about to affect the variations of precipita‐
tion and the regional water cycle over the SRTR.
Key words：The Source Region of the Three-River；the Brahmaputra Grand Canyon；water vapor content；wa‐
ter vapor transport and budget