Page 123 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第9期

第 46 卷 第 9 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 9
2026 年 9 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Sept., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0235

侵彻弹体的拉压模态与振动特性 *

陈柏翰 ，王可慧 ，周 刚 ，邹慧辉 ，赵生伟 2
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（1. 清华大学工程物理系，北京 100084；
2. 西北核技术研究所，陕西 西安 710024）
摘要： 弹体高速侵彻硬目标时的振动是导致过载信号混杂和装药局部变形放大问题的重要因素，制约了弹体的
毁伤能力。为准确表征侵彻弹体的弹性振动特性，基于变截面杆理论推导了弹体的精细化理论模态建模方法，开展了
空腔和装药条件下的试验和仿真模态分析，并从特征频率和振型两方面获取了弹体的低阶拉压模态特性，进一步利用
模态特性推演了弹体的振动特性。研究表明，等截面杆的预测结果与仿真和试验的偏差较大，而 Mindlin-Herrmann 杆
模型取得了较好的一致性，后者更适合于描述弹体的模态和振动特性。弱载环境中，装药增大了结构阻尼，且弹体模
态阶数越高，弹-药的耦合关系越弱，但该结论在强载环境下的适用性还需探究。低阶拉压模态主导了正侵彻弹体的
振动特性，弹体的变形和过载分布受一阶拉压模态振型的影响较大，高阶模态对弹体振动起补充作用。受益于变截面
效应，内腔短粗且集中的弹体在正侵彻时具有更好的抗振特性。通过拉压模态分析得到的弹体振动特性可为弹体-引
信-装药系统的设计提供更可靠的参考。
关键词： 硬目标侵彻；弹体结构响应；模态分析；振动特性；阻尼
中图分类号： O385; TJ301 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Tensile-compressive modes and vibration characteristics of
penetrating projectile

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CHEN Baihan , WANG Kehui , ZHOU Gang , ZOU Huihui , ZHAO Shengwei 2
（1. Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, Shaanxi, China）
Abstract: Projectile’s structural vibration during high-speed penetration of hard targets is an important factor causing mixed
overload signals and charge’s localized-deformation magnification issues, which restricts the destructive capability of
projectiles. To accurately characterize the elastic vibration characteristics of the penetrating projectile, a refined theoretical
modal modeling method for the projectile was derived based on the theories of variable cross-section rods. Furthermore, two
30-kg mass projectiles with the same mass and outline but different internal cavity structures were manufactured, together with
an even hollow cylindrical bar with the same mass and outer diameter. Using these three structures as examples, theory test and
simulation mode analyses were conducted to explore the modal features of the projectile from the perspectives of characteristic
frequencies and their corresponding low-order tensile-compressive modes. The structural similarities and differences between
projectile and even bar were compared, and the influence of charges on projectile modes was explored. Eventually, the
vibration characteristics of the projectile penetrating semi-infinite and multi-layer concrete targets were deduced with the
introduction of projectile’s modal characteristics measured separately. Research has shown that the Mindlin-Herrmann rod
models have derived similar modal characteristic compared with simulation and test results, while the even bar model shows
larger discrepancies. In weak load environments, the charge increases the structural damping, and the higher the modal order of

* 收稿日期： 2025-07-24；修回日期： 2026-04-01
基金项目： 民用航天技术预先研究项目（KJSP2023020304）
第一作者： 陈柏翰（1999－ ），男，博士研究生，chenbh21@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
通信作者： 王可慧（1975－ ），女，博士，研究员，wangkehui@nint.ac.cn

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