Page 90 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第01期

第 46 卷 第 1 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 1
2026 年 1 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Jan., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2024-0515

深海水下爆炸冲击波载荷及气泡脉动特性研究 *

杜青松 ，刘云龙 1,2
1,2
（1. 哈尔滨工程大学三亚南海创新发展基地，海南 三亚 572024；
2. 哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001）

摘要： 深海水下爆炸中的冲击波载荷和气泡脉动规律因其极端环境的复杂性，在理论与试验研究中面临诸多挑
战。针对深海水下爆炸现象，基于气泡统一方程理论模型，使用数值模拟方法开展不同水深、爆距和装药量工况下的
水下爆炸冲击波和气泡脉动研究。结果表明：冲击波压力峰值主要受装药量和爆距的影响，并随水深增大而略有上
升；冲击波冲量与比冲击波能在水深和爆距增大时呈下降趋势，但与装药量正相关；气泡脉动半径则主要由装药量和
水深共同决定，在深水环境气泡脉动现象减弱。相较于传统的 Cole 经验公式，基于 Zhang 方程计算得到的气泡脉动半
径在 0.1～10 km 范围内有所减小。此外，气泡在一个完整脉动周期内的膨胀阶段持续时间普遍略长于坍缩阶段。
关键词： 深海爆炸；冲击波；气泡脉动；气泡统一方程
中图分类号： O383 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Research on the shock wave load and bubble pulsation characteristics of
deep-sea underwater explosions

1,2
DU Qingsong , LIU Yunlong 1,2
（1. Nanhai Innovation & Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China;
2. College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China）

Abstract: Underwater explosions in deep-sea environments involve complex interactions, making both theoretical modeling
and experimental validation particularly challenging. While previous research has provided valuable insights into the basic
features of shock wave propagation and bubble dynamics in underwater explosions, most existing studies are limited to shallow
water scenarios or narrowly defined environmental parameters. Systematic research on the laws governing shock wave loads
from deep-sea explosions and their associated bubble pulsation under varying operational conditions holds critical academic
significance. Numerical simulations were conducted utilizing a zoned solution algorithm for shock waves derived from the
unified equation for bubble dynamics theoretical model. The algorithm enabled numerical simulation of shock wave peak
pressure and pressure attenuation processes under diverse initial conditions. Comparative analysis with experimental data
confirmed model reliability, demonstrating a mere 0.5% deviation between simulated and measured peak pressures and
excellent agreement in pressure attenuation processes. The simulations specifically investigated the influence of water depth,
stand-off distance, and explosive charge mass on the peak pressure of the underwater explosion shock wave and explored the
variation patterns of the shock wave under different initial conditions through an in-depth analysis of the shock wave impulse
and specific shock wave energy. Furthermore, employing the same theoretical model, the bubble pulsation characteristics
within a single cycle under varying water depths and explosive charge masses were comparatively analyzed. Traditional
empirical formulas were employed to analyze the numerical simulation results, and dimensionless treatment was conducted on

* 收稿日期： 2024-12-30；修回日期： 2025-07-30
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（52088102）
第一作者： 杜青松（2000－ ），男，硕士研究生，duqingsong@hrbeu.edu.cn
通信作者： 刘云龙（1988－ ），男，博士，教授，yunlong_liu@hrbeu.edu.cn

011106-1