Page 29 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第01期

第 46 卷 李 尧，等： 结构体高速倾斜入水的尾拍载荷及姿态稳定性 第 1 期

载系数对入水倾角的变化均不敏感。
(2) 从结构体的三向力矩峰值看，空泡溃灭阶段为入水过程的最危险工况。其中，滚转、偏航力矩系
数相较于入水砰击、首次尾拍、二次尾拍阶段均高出两个数量级。俯仰力矩系数峰值在入水砰击、首次
尾拍随入水倾角的减小而增大，但在二次尾拍阶段对入水倾角变化不敏感。当入水倾角由 60°增至
90°后，空泡溃灭阶段的滚转、俯仰力矩系数峰值的绝对值分别增大了 46.9%、47.1%。
(3) 附体载荷方面，尾舵在空泡溃灭阶段轴向力系数比尾拍阶段高出 1～2 个数量级，法向力系数则
高出 2～3 个数量级，随着入水倾角减小，首次尾拍轴、法向载荷峰值发生迟滞。在 4 个尾舵中，垂直尾
舵在空泡溃灭阶段轴向载荷峰值随入水倾角的增大而增大，而水平尾舵随入水倾角的变化规律相反。
大倾角入水会恶化空泡溃灭时刻垂直尾舵的轴向载荷环境，但会增益水平尾舵的轴向载荷环境。80°～
90°大倾角入水有利于改善空泡溃灭时刻水平尾舵的法向载荷环境，但会恶化垂直尾舵的法向载荷环境，
能够减小空泡溃灭阶段水平尾舵的俯仰力矩。
(4) 入水稳定性方面，空泡收缩溃灭瞬间，结构体处于近似静止状态，三向角速度趋近于零，尾空泡
击打结构体尾部的短暂过程显著抑制了其三向转动。在入水砰击、首次尾拍阶段，俯仰角速度峰值的绝
对值随入水倾角的减小而减小；在二次尾拍阶段，俯仰角速度峰值对入水倾角变化不敏感。综合来看，
5°攻角入水工况下，结构体以 90°倾角入水三向姿态角变化最小，入水稳定性最佳。

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