Page 141 - 《爆炸与冲击》2025年第12期

第 45 卷 第 12 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 45, No. 12
2025 年 12 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Dec., 2025

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2024-0213

两种材料结构弹体高速侵彻钢筋混凝土靶实验研究 *

王可慧，孟 龙，李 明，邹慧辉，吴海军，戴湘晖，段 建，周 刚

（西北核技术研究所，陕西 西安 710024）

摘要： 设计了 2 种不同材料的结构弹，以 203 mm 平衡炮为发射平台，开展了 11 kg 级弹体在 1 400 m/s 速度段侵彻
钢筋混凝土靶的实验研究。基于实验结果，对侵彻弹体进行了宏微观结构表征，探究了不同材料弹体在高速侵彻下的
侵蚀机理，分析了壳体材料对弹体侵彻效应的影响。结果表明：在实验速度段，弹体材料主导弹体的侵蚀变形，材料强
度越高，抗冲击压缩性能越强，弹体头部的侵蚀越小；材料的抗剪和耐磨性越好，弹身的磨蚀越少。高速侵彻条件下，
锥形结构弹体的质量损失主要集中在弹身部分。弹体头部的侵蚀和墩粗在一定程度上会降低弹体的侵彻深度，弹体
头部侵蚀程度越低，侵彻深度越高，其中，DT1900 实验弹的极限侵彻深度可达 9 倍弹长。
关键词： 结构弹体；高速侵彻；钢筋混凝土；侵蚀；侵彻深度
中图分类号： O385; TJ012.4 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Experimental study on high-speed penetration of reinforced concrete targets
by structural projectiles made of two types of materials

WANG Kehui, MENG Long, LI Ming, ZOU Huihui, WU Haijun, DAI Xianghui, DUAN Jian, ZHOU Gang
（Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, Shaanxi, China）

Abstract: Two kinds of structural projectiles made of two different materials were designed in this paper. An experimental
study of 11 kg projectiles penetrating the reinforced concrete target at 1400 m/s was carried out using a 203 mm Davis gun.
Based on the experimental results, the structural response, penetration capability and related engineering issues of the projectile
are discussed. The results show that when the reinforced concrete target is penetrated at a velocity of 1 400 m/s, the heads of
projectiles made of two different materials experienced erosion and were mushroomed. This was caused by high temperatures
resulting from friction between the projectile and the concrete during penetration, which significantly softened the surface of
the projectile. Furthermore, the contact pressure between the projectile and the target exceeded the yield strength of the
projectile material near the surface, causing the material to enter a state of plastic flow and ultimately leading to the erosion and
mushrooming of the projectile head. Additionally, the surface material of the projectile was stripped due to the cutting action of
the hard aggregates in the concrete, resulting in severe abrasion of the projectile body. When comparing the structural
responses of projectiles made of different materials, it was evident that material properties influenced their behavior. Compared
to 30CrMnSiNi2MoVE, DT1900, known for its higher strength, hardness and better resistance to impact compression, showed
less erosion at the projectile head. However, the inferior shear resistance and wear resistance of DT1900 led to severe abrasion
on the projectile body. The mass loss pattern of a conical projectile is different from that of a solid long-rod projectile, with the
latter concentrated mainly in the projectile body. The conical flared tail design, while suppressing ballistic deflection, increased
the contact area between the projectile body and the target, enhancing the abrasive and cutting actions of aggregates and steel.
Moreover, under high-speed penetration conditions, the erosion and mushrooming of the projectile head could reduce the

* 收稿日期： 2024-07-01；修回日期： 2025-02-07
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（11772269，11402213）
第一作者： 王可慧（1975－ ），女，博士，研究员，wangkehui@nint.ac.cn
通信作者： 周 刚（1964－ ），男，博士，研究员，springaround@163.com

123301-1