Page 33 - 《爆炸与冲击》2025年第6期
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第 45 卷             单仁亮,等: 深部岩体结构面动力特性与致灾效应研究进展                                  第 6 期


                              Multi-axial                    Hydraulic
                            pressure chamber                  plate   Hydraulic oil
                                                                        pump





                                              σ 1
                                                                                   Control and
                                                                                 acquisition board

                                                              σ 2
                            Pressure
                            chamber
                                                              Sample



                                                                             Control and
                                                                           acquisition system
                                             图 11    多功能真三轴流固耦合试验系统       [50]
                                    Fig. 11    Multifunctional true triaxial fluid-solid coupling test system [50]

                                                                  Dynamic and static      Research content of
                 Dynamic disturbance type  Surrounding rock      combined experimental    dynamic and static
                                             stress path
                                                                      research              combination

                    Disturbance effect     High static stress
                   caused by the stress  superimposed with low-  Cyclic disturbance test
                  adjustment of regional  frequency disturbance  under high static stress
                      rock mass                                                           Combined loading
                                                                                         strength characteristics
                  Dynamic disturbance        True triaxial        Demonstrate the true
                                                    al
                    caused by strong     loading and unloading   triaxial unloading and
                      unloading                path              disturbance experiment
                                                                                          Combined loading
                                                                                         energy characteristics
                    Strong dynamic         High static stress      SHPB dynamic
                 disturbance generated in  superposition intensifies  and static combined
                 the excavation near area    disturbance             loading test


                                           图 12    深部岩体动静组合加载问题研究思路         [53]
                             Fig. 12    Research approach for dynamic-static combined loading issues in deep rock mass [53]

               3.2.2    不同形态结构面动力特性
                   岩体内形态各异的结构面会显著劣化岩石的动力学性质,使破坏更容易发生。因此,对含结构面岩
               体的动静组合加载问题应当着重考虑。根据结构面类型的不同,总结具有代表性的组合加载试验及结
               果如下。
                   (1) 无倾角平直贯通结构面
                   李杰等   [54]  利用自行研制的块系岩体动态力学性能测试试验系统(见图                        13),开展了不同初始应力条
               件下冲击扰动(2~300 MJ)诱发岩块滑移的物理模拟试验,发现初始静应力越接近最大静摩擦力,冲击
               能量越大,岩块不可逆位移越大,越容易发生失稳。
                   (2) 有倾角平直贯通结构面
                   于永江等    [55]  对含倾角结构面试块施加频率为            2 Hz、幅值为    4~8 MPa 的正弦扰动,发现在循环加卸
               载时,扰动应力幅值和结构面倾角越大,岩石强度越低,越容易发生失稳破坏。



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