Page 129 - 《爆炸与冲击》2023年第2期

第 43 卷 李嘉皓，等： 液压膨胀环恒应变率加载技术 第 2 期

2.5

2.0
Strain rate/(10 3 s −1 ) 1.5

1.0

0.5

0 20 40 60 80 100
Time/μs
图 15 实验中的应变率曲线
Fig. 15 Strain rate obtained in experiment

4 结 论

发展了一种能实现膨胀环近似恒定应变率膨胀的液压加载技术，利用液体体积近似不可压缩的特
性，通过液压腔截面积的大比例缩小，将持续的水流轴向加载转化为膨胀环稳定的径向膨胀。假定金属
圆环的膨胀应变率为线性增长阶段和稳定阶段，从理论上给出了实现恒应变率膨胀所需的水流加载曲
线的近似表达式，对应曲线为双线性加载曲线。
通过流固耦合有限元模拟，再现了 1060-O 铝环的液压膨胀碎裂过程，在不同的应变率下，理论给出
的水流加载曲线均能近似实现膨胀环的恒定应变率加载。但在较高应变率加载时，忽略应变率线性增
长阶段的应变，将产生较大偏差，模拟得到的应变率较理论值偏小，且应变率越高，误差越大。液压膨胀
环实验进一步验证了恒应变率加载技术的可行性。

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