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第 32 卷 第 1 期 真空与低温
2026 年 1 月 Vacuum and Cryogenics 87
用 于 原 子 干 涉 的 光 学 锁 相 环 技 术 研 究 进 展
刘 攀 ,肖玉华 1,2 ,张炯阳 1,2 ,王 骥 1,2 ,廉吉庆 1,2 ,杨 炜 ,陈 江 1,2*
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(1. 兰州空间技术物理研究所 真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州 730000;
2. 甘肃省量子物理基础学科研究中心,兰州 730000)
摘要:光学锁相环(OPLL)作为制备高质量相干光的有效方法,在原子干涉精密测量领域有着广泛而成熟的应
用。利用相位锁定环路对光学信号频率与相位进行锁定,从而产生相位相干的激光,OPLL 具有频差调节范围宽、
相位噪声小、无边带干扰和相干光空间易分离等优势。相较于利用声光调制、电光调制等其他相干光制备方法
实现的原子干涉精密测量传感器,采用 OPLL 技术实现的传感器具有更好的性能。通过阐述 OPLL 的基本原理及
光路结构,综述并评价了国内外用于原子干涉的 OPLL 技术发展现状与采用的技术方案,并结合原子干涉精密测
量特点,在分析总结 OPLL 技术的基础上,提出了与数字控制技术结合、系统向集成化与模块化演进、基于光子集
成实现芯片化等三大发展趋势。研究结果为提升 OPLL 的综合性能,满足基础物理研究、惯性导航及空间探测等
领域所需的高精度原子干涉精密测量传感器提供有力支撑。
关键词:原子干涉;光学锁相环;相位锁定;相干光
中图分类号:TB71 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7086(2026)01-0087-13
DOI:10.12446/j.issn.1006-7086.2026.01.011
Research Progress on Optical Phase-locked Loop Technology for Atom Interferometry
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LIU Pan ,XIAO Yuhua ,ZHANG Jiongyang ,WANG Ji ,LIAN Jiqing ,YANG Wei ,CHEN Jiang 1,2*
(1. Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory,
Lanzhou Institute of Physics,Lanzhou 730000,China;
2. Gansu Provincial Research Center for Fundamental Quantum Physics,Lanzhou 730000,China)
Abstract:The Optical Phase-Locked Loop (OPLL) is a highly effective technique for generating high-quality coherent
light,and it has been widely applied in precision measurement systems based on atom interferometry. Its operation relies on a
phase-locked electronic feedback circuit to actively stabilize the frequency and phase of an optical signal,producing a highly
stable and phase-coherent laser output. This approach offers several key advantages,including a wide frequency offset tuning
range,low phase noise,absence of sideband interference common in modulation-based methods,and an easy spatial separa-
tion of coherent beams. Sensors utilizing OPLL technology demonstrate superior performance in atom interferometry com-
pared with those using alternative methods like Acousto-Optic Modulators (AOMs) or Electro-Optic Modulators (EOMs).
The enhanced phase stability and spectral purity directly contribute to lower measurement noise and higher sensitivity,which
are critical for advanced applications in inertial sensing and gravimetry. This paper first introduces the fundamental princi-
ples and optical configurations of OPLL systems. It then provides a comprehensive review and a critical evaluation of the cur-
rent state-of-the-art OPLL technologies employed in atom interferometry,with coverage of both domestic and international
developments. The discussion includes an analysis of the technical approaches adopted to address key implementation chal-
lenges. Looking forward, to meet the demanding requirements of next-generation atom interferometric precision measure-
ments—which require greater robustness,miniaturization,and scalability—this work identifies three major develop-
ment trends. These are the deep integration with digital signal processing for enhanced control and performance,the
收稿日期:2025−07−30
基金项目:甘肃省科技重大专项(24ZDGA004);技术基础(jsjl2023xxxs001);国家自然科学基金联合基金-“叶企孙”科学基
金(U2341247);甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(25JRRA801);甘肃省领军人才计划项目(2023-LJRC II-366);中国
航天科技集团有限公司钱学森青年基金项目
作者简介:刘攀,硕士研究生。E-mail:zdhlp123@163.com
通信作者:陈江,研究员。E-mail:chernjiang@aliyun.com

