Page 73 - 《真空与低温》2026年第1期

真空与低温 第 32 卷 第 1 期
70 Vacuum and Cryogenics 2026 年 1 月

红 外 探 测 器 用 线 性 分 置 式 斯 特 林 制 冷 机 设 计 及 实 验 研 究

韩蓬磊，迟国春，段燕波 *
（华北光电技术研究所，北京 100015）

摘要：随着红外探测器的应用环境越来越严苛，对红外探测器用制冷机也提出了更高的要求。为满足红外探
测器快速降温、低功耗、小型化、高可靠性的应用需求，研制了一款线性分置式斯特林制冷机。制冷机采用动磁
式直线压缩机提供往复压力波，压缩机采用双活塞对置结构以降低振动，膨胀机采用气动式结构。基于 Sage 软件
进行了制冷机热力学设计，根据设计目标对回热器尺寸、充气压力、运行频率、弹簧刚度等关键参数进行仿真设
计，得到了制冷机最优运行参数及热力学结果。根据热力学计算结果对制冷机结构和降温时间进行设计。实验
研究了充气压力、运行频率、输入功率及弹簧刚度对制冷机性能的影响，实验结果与仿真结果较为吻合。研究结
果表明，在充气压力为 3.0 MPa，运行频率为 85 Hz 的工况下，该制冷机典型制冷量为 1.1 W@85 K@23 ℃@直流
35 W，整机热力学效率达到 3.23%，质量为 450 g，满足设计和应用目标。
关键词：斯特林制冷机；制冷量；制冷效率
中图分类号：TB651 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7086（2026）01-0070-07
DOI：10.12446/j.issn.1006-7086.2026.01.009

Design and Experimental Study of Linear Split-type Stirling Cooler for Infrared Detectors

*
HAN Penglei，CHI Guochun，DUAN Yanbo
（North China Research Institute of Electro-Optics，Beijing 100015，China）

Abstract：As the application environments for infrared detectors become increasingly demanding，greater demands are
also being placed on the application of cryocoolers. To meet the application requirements of infrared detectors for rapid cool-
ing，low power consumption，high reliability and miniaturization，a linear split-type Stirling cryocooler was developed. The
cryocooler utilizes a moving-magnet linear compressor to generate the reciprocating pressure wave，with the compressor em-
ploying a dual-piston opposed configuration to reduce vibration， and the expander adopting a pneumatic-driven structure.
Thermodynamic design of the cryocooler was performed based on Sage software. Key parameters such as regenerator dimen-
sions，charging pressure，working frequency，and spring stiffness were simulated and optimized according to the design ob-
jectives，yielding the optimal operating parameters and thermodynamic results. Based on the thermodynamic calculations，the
structural design and cooldown time of the cryocooler were finalized. Experimental investigations were conducted on the
effects of charging pressure， working frequency， input power， and spring stiffness on the cryocooler performance， and the
experimental results showed good agreement with the simulation results. The research findings indicate that under operating
conditions of a charging pressure of 3.0 MPa and a working frequency of 85 Hz，the cryocooler achieves a typical cooling
capacity of 1.1 W@85 K@23 ℃@DC35 W，with an overall thermodynamic efficiency of 3.23% and mass of 450 g，meeting
the design and application targets.
Key words：Stirling cryocooler；cooling power；cooling efficiency

0 引言 冷机作为红外探测器组件的重要组成部分，主要作

高性能红外探测器在航空航天、红外对抗、精 用是提供稳定的低温环境以降低热噪声、提升探
确制导等领域具有重要的战略地位 [1-2] 。斯特林制 测器灵敏度和分辨率 。传统的旋转式斯特林制
[3]

收稿日期：2025−08−15
作者简介：韩蓬磊，高级工程师。E-mail：368374355@qq.com
通信作者：段燕波，博士研究生。E-mail：cryo_cooler@sina.com