Page 247 - 《振动工程学报》2026年第3期
P. 247
第 39 卷第 3 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 39 No. 3
2026 年 3 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering Mar. 2026
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路基横向不均匀沉降变形对车 轨动力响应的
影响规律研究
李国芳, 李宏洲, 马理超, 吴少培, 李得洋, 高全福, 张向钰
(兰州交通大学机电工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070)
摘要: 为探究路基横向不均匀沉降下无砟轨道结构变形对车辆⁃轨道动力响应的影响规律,以 CRTS Ⅰ型无砟轨道为研究对
象,基于有限元⁃多体系统动力学(FE⁃MBD)建模方法,建立考虑轨道结构层间脱空效应的车辆⁃轨道⁃路基耦合模型,研究路基
横向不均匀沉降对车辆动力学特性和轨道服役性能的影响规律。结果表明:路基不均匀沉降造成的钢轨高低、横向不平顺幅
值较小,难以被及时检测并维护;路基发生横向不均匀沉降时,钢轨高低、横向不平顺及轨道结构⁃路基局部脱空现象会随着横
向不均匀系数的增大而增大,从而对车辆动力学特性产生不利影响;轮轨动力学指标对轨道结构层间脱空效应敏感,随脱空区
域和脱空量的增大呈增大趋势,尤其在出现大于 1.5 mm 的“真离缝”时,轮轨动力学性能会显著恶化;路基横向不均匀沉降会
诱发轮轨病害,低轨沉降起始、结束区段是轮轨病害高发区域,应予以重视。
关键词: 不均匀沉降; 无砟轨道; 轮轨冲击; 动力响应; 高速铁路
中图分类号: U260.11 文献标志码: A DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202407008
Influence of transverse differential settlement deformation of subgrade
on vehicle-rail dynamic response
LI Guofang, LI Hongzhou, MA Lichao, WU Shaopei, LI Deyang, GAO Quanfu, ZHANG Xiangyu
(School of Mechatronic Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China)
Abstract: To explore the influence of ballastless track structure deformation on vehicle-track dynamic response under lateral differ⁃
ential settlement of subgrade, a vehicle-track-subgrade coupling model considering the interlayer void effect of track structure was
established to study the influence of lateral differential settlement of subgrade on vehicle dynamics characteristics and track service
performance based on the finite element-multi-body system dynamics (FE-MBD) modeling method. The results show that the am⁃
plitude of rail height and transverse irregularity caused by the transverse differential settlement of the subgrade is small, and it is dif⁃
ficult to detect and maintain in time. When the transverse difference settlement occurs in the subgrade, the rail height, transverse ir⁃
regularity, and the local voiding phenomenon of the track structure-subgrade will increase with the increase of the transverse inho⁃
mogeneity coefficient, which will have an adverse effect on the vehicle dynamics. The wheel-rail dynamics index is sensitive to the
interlayer voiding effect of the track structure, and the wheel-rail dynamics will increase with the increase of the voiding area and
the amount of voiding. Especially when there is a "true separation seam" greater than 1.5 mm, the wheel-rail dynamic performance
will deteriorate significantly. The transverse differential settlement of subgrade will induce wheel-rail diseases, and the beginning
and end sections of low-orbit settlement are high-incidence areas of wheel-rail diseases, which should be paid attention to.
Keywords: differential settlement; ballastless rail; wheel-rail impact; dynamic response; high-speed rail
路基不均匀沉降是轨道结构的典型线路病害。 动力学性能,还会造成轨下基础结构劣化损伤。因
无砟轨道路基发生不均匀沉降时,上部轨道结构受 此,研究路基不均匀沉降下的无砟轨道结构变形损
自重影响随路基发生跟随性下沉,形成线路不平顺。 伤对高速列车安全运营具有实际意义 。
[1]
当高速列车通过沉降区段时,轮轨接触状态及振动 现场调研表明,路基沉降已经成为限制车辆提
特性将受到显著影响,沉降不仅会影响车辆系统的 速的首要难题,如武广线因路基沉降的检测、预防及
收稿日期: 2024-07-03; 修订日期: 2024-09-10
基金项目: 国 家 自 然 科 学 基 金 资 助 项 目(12162020,12262017);甘 肃 省 科 技 计 划 项 目 联 合 科 研 基 金 资 助 项 目(24JR⁃
RA854);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(24ZYQA044);兰州交通大学重点研发项目(ZDYF2302)

