Page 340 - 《振动工程学报》2025年第11期
P. 340
第 38 卷第 11 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 38 No. 11
2025 年 11 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering Nov. 2025
大 倾 角 靠 背 汽 车 座 椅 振 动 传 递 特 性 及 舒 适 性 研 究
粟芷馨, 林泽峰, 尹玮倓, 刘 迟, 郑 旭, 邱 毅
(浙江大学能源工程学院,浙江 杭州 310018)
摘要:本研究开展了大倾角靠背下人体-座椅的振动传递特性试验及振动舒适性研究。招募 12 名受试者乘坐于汽车座椅上
(座椅采用正常靠背及大倾角靠背),并暴露在垂向及侧向单轴随机振动下,测量了振动台面、座椅坐垫和靠背处的振动加速
度,从而计算出座椅振动传递率,并采用幅值估计法获得了受试者的主观振动不舒适性。试验分析振动方向、振动幅值和靠
背倾角对座椅振动传递率和主观舒适性的影响规律。研究发现,垂向振动激励下,相比于正常靠背,大倾角靠背下座椅坐垫
和靠背传递率共振峰频率和峰值均增大;侧向振动激励下,大倾角靠背下的靠背传递率第一共振峰峰值减小。两种靠背倾角
下的振动舒适性评分均随振动激励幅值的增大而减小。当振动总加权加速度低于 0.19 m/s r.m.s.时,正常靠背的舒适性低于
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大倾角靠背;当振动总加权加速度高于 0.19 m/s r.m.s.时,正常靠背的舒适性高于大倾角靠背。
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关键词: 人因工程;全身振动;座椅振动传递特性;主观舒适性;靠背倾角
中图分类号:TB18 文献标志码:A DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202508092
Vibration transmissibility and comfort of large-backrest-angle automotive seats
SU Zhixin,LIN Zefeng,YIN Weitan,LIU Chi,ZHENG Xu,QIU Yi
(College of Energy Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)
Abstract:This study conducted an experiment on the vibration transmission characteristics of the human body sitting on a car seat with a large
backrest inclination angle and investigated vibration comfort. Twelve participants were recruited to sit in a car seat,which was configured with
both a normal backrest and a large-angle backrest. They were exposed to vertical and lateral single-axis random vibrations. Vibration
accelerations were measured at the vibrator table,the seat cushion,and the backrest,allowing for the calculation of seat transmissibility.
Additionally,the magnitude estimation method was used to obtain the participants’ subjective vibration discomfort. The experiment analyzed
the influence of vibration direction,vibration amplitude,and backrest angle on seat vibration transmissibility and subjective discomfort. The
study found that under vertical vibration excitation, compared to the normal backrest, the resonance peak frequency and peak value of
transmissibility at both the seat cushion and backrest increased with the large-angle backrest. Under lateral vibration excitation, the first
resonance peak value of backrest transmissibility decreased with the large-angle backrest. Vibration comfort ratings decreased with increasing
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vibration excitation amplitude for both backrest configurations. When the total weighted acceleration was below 0.19 m/s r.m.s.,the comfort
level with the normal backrest was lower than that with the large-angle backrest;when the total weighted acceleration exceeded 0.19 m/s r.m.s.,
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the comfort level with the normal backrest became higher than that with the large-angle backrest.
Keywords:human factor engineering;whole-body vibration;seat transmissibility;subjective comfort;backrest inclination angle
近年来,中国新能源汽车和自动驾驶技术发展 较自然重力情况可能更小。汽车厂商将“零重力姿
迅猛,车内空间的设计与利用方式向多元化和智能 态”概念引入汽车座椅,通过对靠背、坐垫、腿托等
化 迈 进, 车 辆 乘 员 对 乘 坐 舒 适 性 的 要 求 也 随 之 提 角度的调节,使人体在乘坐时处于类似于中性身体
高。适应乘坐舒适性的精细化设计与驾乘环境革 姿 态 的 半 躺 姿 态, 并 将 此 类 座 椅 称 为 “ 零 重 力 座
新,“零重力座椅”设计概念在智能座舱研发中成为 椅”。在车辆驾乘空间以动态场景为主的背景下,研
热点,相应产品也受到了市场的广泛关注。“零重力 究类似“零重力座椅”的大倾角靠背汽车座椅如何影
座椅”的概念源自宇航员在太空低重力环境下的中 响人体座椅系统动力学和主观振动舒适性,对于汽
性身体姿态(neutral body posture,NBP) ,此时身体呈 车和座椅系统舒适性开发具有重要的意义。
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现出一种特定的姿态,人体的肌肉活性和脊柱压力 人体对振动激励产生的动力学响应与主观舒适
收稿日期:2025-08-15;修订日期:2025-09-28
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(T2192931)

