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第 5 期              池雨禹等: 蛋白质翻译后修饰在水产病原菌致病机制中的研究进展                                      565

              控和感染宿主过程的重要作用。作为一种精细而高                          [  4  ]   Kubečka J, Boukal D S, Čech M, et al. Ecology and eco-
              效的调控机制,PTMs 广泛参与细菌的毒力调节、                              logical quality of fish in lakes and reservoirs[J]. Fisher-
              代谢重编程、环境适应及宿主互作等过程,在水产                                ies Research, 2016, 173: 1 − 3.
              病原菌的致病机制中同样扮演着不可忽视的角色。                          [  5  ]   Antoine  L,  Bahena-Ceron  R,  Devi  Bunwaree  H,  et  al.
                  目前,水产病原菌的          PTMs 研究仍处于起步阶                  RNA  modifications  in  pathogenic  bacteria:  impact  on
              段,存在诸多局限与挑战。其一,当前研究多集中                                host  adaptation  and  virulence[J].  Genes,  2021,  12(8):
              于乙酰化、磷酸化等少数经典的修饰类型,对丙酰                                1125.
              化、丁酰化、乳酸化、糖基化等新型修饰的功能探                          [  6  ]   Barber M F, Fitzgerald J R. Mechanisms of host adapta-
              索不足。其二,水产病原菌种类繁多且宿主差异显                                tion by bacterial pathogens[J]. FEMS Microbiology Re-
              著,不同种属乃至不同菌株之间的                 PTM  模式可能             views, 2024, 48(4): fuae019.
              存在较大差异,但目前仅副溶血弧菌、嗜水气单胞                          [  7  ]   Wang X R, Yu D H, Chen L. Antimicrobial resistance
              菌等少数典型菌种被系统研究,多数病原菌的                                  and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation[J]. Frontiers in
              PTM  特征尚未明确,亟需扩大研究覆盖范围。其                              Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2023, 13: 1199646.
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              环境条件、宿主相关信号、营养状态、生长周期等                                ulence reprogramming in bacterial pathogens[J]. Annu-
              密切相关,现有研究多基于体外单一条件模拟,难                                al Review of Microbiology, 2023, 77(1): 561 − 581.
              以完全还原病原菌在自然感染过程中                 PTMs 的动态       [  9  ]   Lothrop A P, Torres M P, Fuchs S M. Deciphering post-
              变化,未来需在更真实的感染模型中结合多组学手                                translational modification codes[J]. FEBS Letters, 2013,
              段(包括转录组、代谢组、宿主蛋白互作组等)系                                587(8): 1247 − 1257.
              统构建病原菌在感染过程中的动态修饰网络,从时                          [10]   Zhang C Z, Zhou T, Li C X, et al. Deciphering novel en-
              空维度解析      PTMs 的调控规律。其四,PTMs 间的                      zymatic and non-enzymatic lysine lactylation in Salmon-
              功能串扰为细菌适应复杂环境提供了强大潜力,然                                ella[J].  Emerging  Microbes  &  Infections,  2025,  14(1):
              而目前水产病原菌中相关研究仍局限于修饰谱的描                                2475838.
              述层面,需通过生物信息学分析和实验验证对 PTMs                       [11]   Macek  B,  Forchhammer  K,  Hardouin  J,  et  al.  Protein
              串扰调控机制进行深入解析。同时,有必要借鉴人                                post-translational  modifications  in  bacteria[J].  Nature
              类和陆生病原菌领域的研究思路,探索                  PTMs 在水            Reviews Microbiology, 2019, 17(11): 651 − 664.
              产病原菌致病中的作用机制。                                   [12]   Walsh  C  T,  Garneau-Tsodikova  S,  Gatto  G  J.  Protein
                  综上所述,系统开展水产病原菌                PTMs 研究,            posttranslational modifications: the chemistry of proteo-
              不仅有助于深入理解其致病机制,还可为水产养殖                                me diversifications[J]. Angewandte Chemie Internation-
              病害的精准防控与绿色防治提供理论支持与潜在靶                                al Edition, 2005, 44(45): 7342 − 7372.
              点,对推动水产健康养殖和保障水产食品安全具有                          [13]   Wang J L, Pang H Y, Yin L L, et al. A comprehensive
              重要意义。                                                 analysis  of  the  lysine  acetylome  in  the  aquatic  animals

                                                                    pathogenic  bacterium  Vibrio  mimicus[J].  Frontiers  in
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