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第 5 期 池雨禹等: 蛋白质翻译后修饰在水产病原菌致病机制中的研究进展 565
控和感染宿主过程的重要作用。作为一种精细而高 [ 4 ] Kubečka J, Boukal D S, Čech M, et al. Ecology and eco-
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病原菌的致病机制中同样扮演着不可忽视的角色。 [ 5 ] Antoine L, Bahena-Ceron R, Devi Bunwaree H, et al.
目前,水产病原菌的 PTMs 研究仍处于起步阶 RNA modifications in pathogenic bacteria: impact on
段,存在诸多局限与挑战。其一,当前研究多集中 host adaptation and virulence[J]. Genes, 2021, 12(8):
于乙酰化、磷酸化等少数经典的修饰类型,对丙酰 1125.
化、丁酰化、乳酸化、糖基化等新型修饰的功能探 [ 6 ] Barber M F, Fitzgerald J R. Mechanisms of host adapta-
索不足。其二,水产病原菌种类繁多且宿主差异显 tion by bacterial pathogens[J]. FEMS Microbiology Re-
著,不同种属乃至不同菌株之间的 PTM 模式可能 views, 2024, 48(4): fuae019.
存在较大差异,但目前仅副溶血弧菌、嗜水气单胞 [ 7 ] Wang X R, Yu D H, Chen L. Antimicrobial resistance
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空维度解析 PTMs 的调控规律。其四,PTMs 间的 zymatic and non-enzymatic lysine lactylation in Salmon-
功能串扰为细菌适应复杂环境提供了强大潜力,然 ella[J]. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 2025, 14(1):
而目前水产病原菌中相关研究仍局限于修饰谱的描 2475838.
述层面,需通过生物信息学分析和实验验证对 PTMs [11] Macek B, Forchhammer K, Hardouin J, et al. Protein
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不仅有助于深入理解其致病机制,还可为水产养殖 me diversifications[J]. Angewandte Chemie Internation-
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