Page 129 - 《运动与健康科学》(英文)2024年第2期

TaggedAPTARAEndExPlas promotes neurogenesis in AD rat brain 251
TaggedAPTARAH23.7. Exercised plasma showed no significant effects on TaggedAPTARAH24.1. HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cell cultureTaggedAPTARAEnd
amyloid plaque loadTaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPThe effects of exercised plasma treatment on the neuronal cell
TaggedAPTARAPAll rats in the ExPlas, SedPlas, and saline groups showed culture differed with the timing of blood collection post-exer-
either no plaques at all or only a few plaques, and there were cise. This suggests that temporal changes in blood plasma
no significant differences between the different treatment composition occur after a single bout of exhaustive exercise in
groups in the number of plaques (Supplementary Fig. 9A). humans. Plasma collected 3 h after exercise was found to most
Similarly, the size of plaques (Supplementary Fig. 9B) and the potently enhance both cell viability and survival, suggesting
total percentage area covered by the plaques (Supplementary that relatively slow, transient changes in plasma-born factors
Fig. 9C) were low for all groups and showed no statistically induced by exercise could help the neuronal culture counteract
the detrimental effects of Ab. Further investigations into
significant difference between groups.TaggedAPTARAEnd
temporal changes in the molecular composition of human
TaggedAPTARAH23.8. Exercised plasma promoted adult hippocampal plasma following exercise are needed to detect the mediators
of the observed effects. One study into molecular changes in
neurogenesisTaggedAPTARAEnd
human blood following a bout of exhaustive exercise identified
TaggedAPTARAPThe mean total number of newborn neurons in the brains of
great variation in the pattern of temporal concentration
AD rats with ExPlas treatment was 3.2-fold higher in early-stage
changes of plasma molecules post-exercise, but also found that
rats (p = 0.059, Fig. 4A) and 3.4-fold higher in later-stage 33
most molecules returned to baseline levels within 1 h. After
rats (p = 0.008, Fig. 4D) when compared to the respective saline-
an initial inflammatory response, anti-inflammatory signaling
treated rats, although the difference was found to be statistically
is increased; pathways involved in immune cell regulation can
significant only for the rats treated at the later-stage. There were 33,34
remain upregulated for a prolonged duration of more than 1 h.
no statistically significant differences in the total number of
Anti-inflammatory IL-3 and IL-10 are examples of cytokines
newborn neurons between the ExPlas- and SedPlas-treated rats at
released by activated immune cells that have been found to
either timing of treatment (Fig. 4A and 4B).TaggedAPTARAEnd 35
promote neuronal viability in Ab-induced neurotoxicity.
TaggedAPTARAPBecause there are indications of structural and functional
Although acute changes in blood biomolecules following
differences between the left and right hemispheres of the exhaustive exercise are similar in rats and humans, 36 it is
brain, 31 including at the level of the dentate gyrus in spatial possible that the optimal timing for blood collection could be
and contextual differentiation, 32 we also performed the anal-
different between the 2 groups. Nevertheless, our results
yses separately for each hemisphere. The results showed a
demonstrate the beneficial effects of both human and rat blood
significantly greater number of newborn neurons in the right
plasma when collected 3 h after exercise. To the best of our
(p = 0.045) but not the left (p = 0.090) hemisphere of the early-
knowledge, this is the first study to apply the HT22 model to
stage AD rats treated with ExPlas when compared to those
study the potential protective effect of plasma from exercise-
treated with saline (Fig. 4B and 4C).TaggedAPTARAEnd
trained donors.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPFor the later-stage AD rats, there were significant effects
from both ExPlas (p = 0.001) and SedPlas (p = 0.021) treat-
TaggedAPTARAH24.2. Cognitive functionTaggedAPTARAEnd
ments in the left hemisphere compared to saline treatment
(Fig. 4K). The ExPlas-treated rats also had a significantly TaggedAPTARAPWe assessed the cognitive function of AD rats following the
greater number of newborn neurons in the right hemisphere treatment period, as exercise has been shown to promote both
neurogenesis and cognitive function in aged animals and in
compared with the saline-treated rats (p = 0.046, Fig. 4L).TaggedAPTARAEnd
10,37
TaggedAPTARAPThere were no significant differences in the total number of AD models. While we found that ExPlas treatment signifi-
neurons (NeuN+) in the dorsal dentate gyrus (whether hemi- cantly increased hippocampal neurogenesis, we did not see
spheres were looked at separately or combined) between the any significant differences in recognition memory or fear asso-
ciative contextual memory between the treatment groups,
treatment groups of either age.TaggedAPTARAEnd
regardless of the timing of treatment. Previous studies suggest
neurogenesis to be important for specific cognitive functions.
TaggedAPTARAH14. DiscussionTaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPHere we showed that administration of plasma collected For example, ablating adult hippocampal neurogenesis has
from fit men after a single bout of exercise improved cell been shown to particularly impair pattern separation. 37,38 It is
viability and hindered neuronal cell atrophy in an AD cell possible that the objects used in the present novel object recog-
model. We also showed that intravenous injections of blood nition task were not similar enough to detect differences
plasma from exercise-trained donor rats promoted hippo- between treatment groups despite multiple-fold differences in
campal neurogenesis in a rat model of AD, whether adminis- the number of newborn neurons. 39 Notably, an increase in
tered at an early pre-plaque pathology stage or at a later stage hippocampal neurogenesis alone may not be sufficient to
after expected extracellular plaque formation. Increased hippo- enhance cognitive function, which may depend on additional
campal neurogenesis did not translate into improved memory neurotrophic support. 37 As it takes several weeks for newborn
test performance. Downregulation of pro-inflammatory cyto- neurons to fully develop and integrate into existing neural
kines in plasma from exercise-trained donor rats was detected circuits, 40 it is also possible that a longer treatment period and/
as a potential mediator of the neurogenesis-promoting effect or a later implementation of the task could have affected the
of ExPlas.TaggedAPTARAEnd outcome.TaggedAPTARAEnd