Page 50 - 《水产学报》2025年第8期

梁政远，等 水产学报, 2025, 49(8): 089104

Effect of temperature on the embryonic development of
American shad (Alosa sapidissima)

1,2
1
3
4
1,3
LIANG Zhengyuan , MIAO Linghong , LIU Ying , LUO Mingkun , FENG Bingbing ,
1
1
1,3
1
ZHU Wenbin , GONG Yating , SHI Xiulan , LI Yulin ,
4
5
JIANG Chao , XIE Xudong , DONG Zaijie 1,3*
1. Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;
2. Wuxi Raysun Aquaculture Technology Co., Ltd., Wuxi, 214001, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China;
4. Fisheries Technology Extension Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036, China;
5. Zhenjiang Xinrun Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212115, China
Abstract: Temperature is a significant stressor affecting the growth and development of American shad (Alosa sapidissima).
This study aims to investigate the effects of different hatching temperatures on the embryonic development and larval hatching
of A. sapidissima. Five hatching temperatures were set at 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 ℃. The embryonic development and larval sur-
vival rates were recorded, and the gene expression levels at different embryonic development stages were analyzed at the hatch-
ing temperature of 18 ℃. The results showed that complete embryonic development was observed at hatching temperatures of
16, 18, 20 and 22 ℃. As the hatching temperature increased, the total hatching duration decreased. The total duration from fer-
tilization to larval hatching was 103 h 50 min, 84 h 40 min, 78 h 40 min, and 64 h 50 min at hatching temperatures of 16, 18,
20, and 22 ℃, respectively. At hatching temperatures of 18 ℃ and 20 ℃, the hatching rate and larval survival rate significantly
increased (P<0.05). At a hatching temperature of 22℃, the embryonic mortality rate was significantly higher than that at 16, 18,
and 20 ℃ (P<0.05). At a hatching temperature of 18 ℃, the genes hif1α, hspb1, fbf1, hec, asgr1 and vegfα were inhibited dur-
ing the cell proliferation period but were significantly activated during the cell differentiation period (P<0.05). During the
hatching and pre-hatching organ formation periods, hec expression was significantly activated (P<0.05). In the early embryonic
development stage, sod and gst were highly expressed (P<0.05), while hspb1 and hif1α were highly expressed in the late organ
formation and hatching stages (P<0.05). Rbpj was highly expressed during the multi-cellular and blastocyst stages of early
embryonic development (P<0.05) and downregulated as embryonic development progressed (P<0.05). The optimal hatching
temperature for A. sapidissima is 18-20 ℃. The blastula stage is a critical period in the embryonic development of A. sapi-
dissima, in which the expression of genes related to cell formation and division starts to be downregulated, and the expression
of genes related to organ formation and cell differentiation is significantly upregulated. This study provides a reference for the
early development regulation, seed production and selective breeding of A. sapidissima.

Key words: Alosa sapidissima; temperature; embryonic development; gene expression; genetic breeding
Corresponding author: DONG Zaijie. E-mail: dongzj@ffrc.cn
Funding projects: Seed Industry Revitalization Project of Jiangsu Province (JBGS[2021]131); Jiangsu Agricultural Industry
Technology System (JATS[2021]367)

https://www.china-fishery.cn 中国水产学会主办 sponsored by China Society of Fisheries
12