Page 70 - 《水产学报》2023年第1期

刘永新，等 水产学报, 2023, 47(1): 019605

Research status and development suggestion of China’s aquaculture breeding

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LIU Yongxin , SHAO Changwei , HOU Jilun , ZAHNG Dianchang , ZHENG Xianhu 5
(1. Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China;
2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
3. Beidaihe Central Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China;
4. South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China;
5. Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150076, China)

Abstract: Aquatic products have become the third most important source of food protein after cereals and milk all
over the world. Fifteen percent of food protein intake for a global population of 7 billion people originates from
aquatic products. In China, the largest production and consumption country in the word, aquatic products meet
30% of animal protein demand for its people. It is a global scientific goal to maintain the sustainable and stable
supply of aquatic products, where aquaculture genetic breeding plays an important role. Aquaculture breeding is a
research hot spot in which countries all over the world compete for development. The development of breeding
technology and the cultivation of fine varieties fully reflect comprehensive innovation strength and market compet-
itiveness of the country. Since the 1950s, artificial spawning, insemination and hatching of silver carp (Hypoph-
thalmichthys molitrix) and bighead (Aristichthys nobilis) were realized, which marked China taking the leading
role in the technology and theory of artificial propagation of freshwater fish in the world. After that, China's
aquaculture breeding has achieved great achievements in scientific research and made irreplaceable contribu-
tion to the development of the industry. Carrying out genetic breeding research on aquaculture species can
improve the intensity of germplasm resources development and the depth of gene resources mining, exploit
the scientific and technological potential of China’s aquaculture seed industry, and enhance the level of indus-
trial application. Aquatic breeding in China covers two major systems, namely, the breeding and promotion of
new varieties, which has become the top priority to promote the green development of the aquaculture
industry. It has demonstrated outstanding effectiveness in ensuring stable and high-quality protein supply,
enhancing competitiveness of China as a seed industry powerhouse as well as improving people's eating and
consumption habits. With the rapid development of life science, especially molecular biology and genomics,
China’s aquaculture breeding has achieved fruitful scientific research results, but also encountered many bot-
tlenecks and constraints. This paper synthetically summarizes the significance of carrying out aquaculture
breeding research and analyzes the general situation of aquaculture breeding research in China. We also
present the key problems that need to be tackled and solved, whose focus was mainly on four aspects. Firstly,
the efficiency of germplasm resources utilization was still lower. Secondly, the traits owned by the cultivated
varieties were not diverse enough. There are, in addition, seldom new techniques applied in the process of
breeding and the imperfect commercial breeding system. On the basis of the research goals, the key scientific
and technical tasks in the future are proposed that involve strengthening the excavation and efficient utiliza-
tion of germplasm resources, attaching importance to fundamental research to strengthen source innovation,
developing cutting-edge technologies to tackle key problems as well as focusing on market demand to cultiv-
ate excellent new varieties. Relevant countermeasures and suggestions are also made, such as building a ger-
mplasm resources conservation system, constructing a platform to support innovation, promoting the policy
support for protection, and creating new research and development entities, etc. In summary, it is expected the
information of this review could provide reference materials for China to lead the world in aquaculture breed-
ing research and the transformation and upgrading of fisheries in the new era.
Key words: aquaculture breeding; research status; industrial development; countermeasure and suggestion
Corresponding author: LIU Yongxin. E-mail: liuyx@cafs.ac.cn
Funding projects: Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fish-
ery Sciences (2022YJ04)

https://www.china-fishery.cn 中国水产学会主办 sponsored by China Society of Fisheries
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