Page 304 - 《软件学报》2026年第1期

软件学报 ISSN 1000-9825, CODEN RUXUEW E-mail: jos@iscas.ac.cn
2026,37(1):301−325 [doi: 10.13328/j.cnki.jos.007478] [CSTR: 32375.14.jos.007478] http://www.jos.org.cn
©中国科学院软件研究所版权所有. Tel: +86-10-62562563

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数据要素流通全流程隐私关键技术: 现状、挑战与展望

刘立伟 1 , 傅超豪 1 , 孙泽堃 1 , 周 耘 1 , 阮 娜 1 , 蒋昌俊 2

1
(上海交通大学 计算机学院, 上海 200240)
2
(同济大学 计算机科学与技术系, 上海 201804)
通信作者: 阮娜, E-mail: naruan@sjtu.edu.cn

摘 要: 近年来以大语言模型为代表的一系列数据驱动型 AIGC 应用深刻地改变了人们的生活范式, 引起国家对
数据流通、数据隐私等问题的高度重视. 健全数据市场规范, 完善数据要素流通机制成为数字经济时代下又一重
大研究课题. 但是现有数据隐私研究普遍聚焦于数据流通中的单一环节, 并未展现数据流通的全貌, 技术研究相对
孤立, 存在不兼容性等问题. 因此数据服务提供商在实际生产活动中往往需要投入额外人力成本以进行全方位的
数据隐私保护. 聚焦数据流通问题, 依据数据生命周期将流通全过程划分为 3 个阶段, 对各阶段的隐私关键技术建
立系统的分类体系, 并对各领域的最新进展、未来挑战等问题进行深入剖析. 以数据流通为载体, 隐私技术为目标,
涵盖数据流通全过程, 有助于研究者快速建立对数据流通全流程隐私技术的系统认识, 为后续研究建立完备的全
流程数据流通隐私保护范式奠定基础.
关键词: 数据流通; 数字水印; 联邦学习; 区块链; 忘却学习
中图法分类号: TP311

中文引用格式: 刘立伟, 傅超豪, 孙泽堃, 周耘, 阮娜, 蒋昌俊. 数据要素流通全流程隐私关键技术: 现状、挑战与展望. 软件学报,
2026, 37(1): 301–325. http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/7478.htm
英文引用格式: Liu LW, Fu CH, Sun ZK, Zhou Y, Ruan N, Jiang CJ. Privacy Key Technologies in Whole Stages of Data Circulation:
Current Situation, Challenges, and Prospects. Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software, 2026, 37(1): 301–325 (in Chinese). http://www.
jos.org.cn/1000-9825/7478.htm

Privacy Key Technologies in Whole Stages of Data Circulation: Current Situation, Challenges, and
Prospects
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LIU Li-Wei , FU Chao-Hao , SUN Ze-Kun , ZHOU Yun , RUAN Na , JIANG Chang-Jun 2
1
(School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)
2
(School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)
Abstract: In recent years, a series of data-driven AIGC applications, represented by large language models, have profoundly changed
people’s lifestyles, drawing significant attention from nations to issues such as data circulation and data privacy. Establishing robust data
market regulations and improving data circulation mechanisms have become important research topics. However, existing research on data
privacy generally focuses on individual aspects of data circulation and does not provide a comprehensive view of the entire process.
Technical research is often fragmented, leading to issues such as incompatibility. As a result, data service providers often need to invest
additional manpower in practical production activities to implement comprehensive data privacy protection. This study focuses on data
circulation, dividing the entire circulation process into three stages, and establishes a systematic classification framework for privacy
technologies at each stage. This study uses data circulation as a carrier and privacy technology as the subject, comprehensively covering
the entire process of data circulation. It also provides an in-depth analysis of the latest developments and future challenges in various

* 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (62472276); 国家重点研发计划 (2023YFB2704700); 国家电网公司科技项目 (5700-202321603A-3-2-ZN);
上海市科学技术委员会 (23511101000, 24BC3200400)
收稿时间: 2025-01-16; 修改时间: 2025-03-13; 采用时间: 2025-05-27; jos 在线出版时间: 2025-10-29
CNKI 网络首发时间: 2025-10-31