Page 106 - 《软件学报》2026年第1期

何嘉昊 等: 国产区块链软件发展趋势与核心技术分析 103

and government services. These applications not only enhance the efficiency and transparency of business processes but also reduce trust
costs and offer new approaches for the digital transformation of traditional industries. This study investigates the development trends and
core technologies of Chinese blockchain software, focusing on key technological breakthroughs, promoting integration and innovation, and
providing a foundation for the formulation of technical standards. The aim is to enhance the competitiveness of Chinese blockchain
technologies, broaden application scenarios, and support the standardized development of the industry. Three core research questions are
addressed: (1) What are the development trends of Chinese blockchain software? (2) What are the core technologies involved? (3) What
are the differences in core technologies between Chinese and foreign blockchain software? To address these questions, 1 268 blockchain
software entries have been collected through three channels. Based on information regarding affiliated companies and chief technology
officers (CTOs), 103 Chinese blockchain software entries are identified. A statistical analysis of basic software attributes is conducted,
examining development trends from three perspectives: software development history, distribution, and interrelationships. Given the
importance of technical and development documentation, 39 high-quality blockchain software entries containing detailed technical
information are further selected. Subsequently, a statistical and analytical evaluation of the core technologies of these 39 software systems
is conducted across six technical layers of blockchain architecture. Based on this analysis, differences in core technologies between
Chinese and foreign blockchain software are compared. In total, 28 phenomena and 13 insights are identified. These findings provide
researchers, developers, and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of the current state of Chinese blockchain development and
offer valuable references for future adoption and improvement of Chinese blockchain software.
Key words: Chinese blockchain software; development trend analysis; core technical statistics and analysis; comparison of core technologies
between China and other countries; application expansion

区块链技术自 2008 年比特币白皮书 [1] 提出以来, 逐渐发展成为一项颠覆性创新, 深刻改变了金融 [2] 、供应链
管理 [3] 、物联网 [4,5] 、城市空中交通 [6] 多个领域. 它通过去中心化、不可篡改的分布式账本, 为信任和数据共享问
题提供了全新的解决方案 [7] . 随后, 以太坊平台提出了智能合约的概念 [8] , 推动了区块链技术的进一步发展, 涌现
[9]
出许多基于区块链技术的新应用, 例如去中心化应用 (decentralized application, DApp) 、非同质化代币 (non-
fungible token, NFT) [10] 以及去中心化金融 (decentralized finance, DeFi) [11] .
在这个过程中, 我国也通过政策推动和技术创新并行的方式逐步探索和深化应用区块链技术. 早期, 我国市场
对比特币等数字货币交易展现出极大兴趣, 催生了相关交易软件. 2017 年, 政府加强加密货币监管, 并推动区块链
技术在非金融领域的应用, 各行业区块链软件逐步开发. 到 2019 年, 区块链技术被提升至国家战略高度, 伴随政策
支持和激励措施, 推动了技术研发与产业应用. 为了推动数字经济转型和金融科技创新, 推出了区块链服务网络
(blockchain service network, BSN) [12] 和数字人民币 (electronic Chinese Yuan, e-CNY) [13] 等项目. 以上众多应用都是
由区块链软件组成的, 这些软件为区块链网络的运行提供服务, 包括区块链底层软件 [1,8] 、区块链即服务 (blockchain
as a service, BaaS) [14] 以及区块链浏览器和分析工具 [15–18] 等多个领域的软件. 本文在研究区块链软件时仅关注区块
链底层软件, 具体而言, 本文关注的是支持区块链网络核心功能的组件, 包括数据结构、区块传播机制、共识协议、
合约执行引擎等. 这些底层软件决定了区块链的性能、安全性和可扩展性.
然而, 目前缺乏针对国产区块链软件发展趋势与核心技术的系统性研究. 这可能导致研究人员和从业者无法
全面了解国产区块链软件的发展现状, 不利于我国区块链技术及相关产业的持续推进. 尽管一些机构发布了区块
链行业分析报告, 但这些报告通常存在局限性, 往往仅从金融等单一行业的视角分析区块链软件的类型和分布等
基础信息, 缺乏全局性与深度. 系统性研究国产区块链软件具有重要的学术与实践意义. 首先, 深入分析国产区块
链软件的发展趋势, 有助于全面了解国产区块链软件的类型、地域分布以及生态系统中的相互关系, 为行业从业
者提供全景视角, 推动区块链技术的应用与扩展. 其次, 深入探讨国产区块链的核心技术, 如共识算法、合约执行
引擎和数据传输协议等, 能够帮助研究人员和行业实践者了解国内技术发展的关键优势与挑战, 推动技术创新. 最
后, 通过中外区块链软件的对比分析, 可以揭示在核心技术上的差异, 帮助评估国产区块链技术的国际竞争力, 并
为技术升级提供借鉴. 然而, 系统性研究国产区块链软件面临 3 大挑战: 1) 如何有效收集和筛选国产区块链软件的
数据, 确保数据的全面性和准确性; 2) 如何科学、全面地展示国产区块链软件的发展趋势; 3) 如何深入分析国产
区块链软件的核心技术, 如共识机制、智能合约执行、数据结构优化等.
本文针对国产区块链软件发展趋势与核心技术进行系统性的研究. 为了尽可能地收集国产区块链软件, 首先