Page 42 - 摩擦学学报2025年第9期

1296 摩擦学学报（中英文） 第 45 卷

The construction of an integrated lubricating and hydrophobic coating on the substrate surface imparts excellent wetting
and tribological properties to the substrate surface at the same time. The hydrophobic surface on 304 stainless steel was
constructed by laser texture treatment combined with fluorine-doped diamond-like carbon (F-DLC) coating deposited by
plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology. The effects of micro-texture treatment and F-DLC coating on
the wettability and tribological performances of the 304 stainless steel surface were investigated carefully. The results
showed that fluorine doping could reduce the surface energy of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating, resulting in the
increase of the static water contact angle from 57° to 104° for the 304 stainless steel surface, which successfully realized
the transition from hydrophilic surface to hydrophobic surface. The pattern of laser texture and the small particles
formed by laser ablation during the process of laser texture contributed to the formation of a structure similar to
cauliflower clusters after the deposition of the coating, which could further improve the hydrophobic performance of the
surface. And thus, the static water contact angle could be raised to 144° resultantly. In this paper, two different types of
texture patterns were selected, namely circular dot matrix pattern and grid pattern, and the arrangement spacing of the
texture pattern and the laser texture process had an effect on the surface wettability. By depositing F-DLC coatings on
the texture surface with different spacing and different texture processes, two texture patterns with the highest static
water contact angles were selected in their respective types, namely 0.1 mm (spacing) ×0.1 mm (diameter) laser lattice
and grid laser lattice with line spacing of 0.2 mm, and the static water contact angles reached 132° and 144°. The
tribological properties of the F-doping DLC coatings could be tailored by designing different micro-weaving patterns.
The F-DLC textured coating treated with 0.1 mm (spacing) ×0.1 mm (diameter) laser lattice had the best tribological
properties with a stable friction coefficient of only 0.2. This was because the pits formed by the circular pass texture in
this pattern could be used to store the abrasive debris generated during the friction process, reducing the friction
coefficient of the coating as a result. However, even though the groove formed by the grid pattern texture with 0.2 mm
spacing could also store the wear debris, the deposition of F-DLC surface textured by the 0.2 mm spacing pattern
possessed a rough surface which is not so flat. And thus, the convex structure would affect the friction process, resulting
in stress concentration, and the friction coefficient was slightly higher than that of the lattice pattern texture as a
consequence. Therefore, the hydrophobic and tribological properties of the 304 stainless steel surface could be
significantly improved by optimizing the laser lattice structure for micro-texture treatment combined with fluorine-doped
DLC coating.
Key words: hydrophobic surfaces; F-DLC coating; surface texture; tribological properties; wettability

冬季低温及极地低温条件下，钢材表面极易发生 类金刚石涂层(DLC)由于具有较低的摩擦系数和
蒸气及水的冷凝，进而在表面形成霜层，发生冰大面 极高的化学惰性等优点，广泛作为润滑及防护涂层使
积聚集现象，造成钢材变形、磨损和位移等，不仅增加 用 [3-4] . 通过异质元素的掺杂可以有效地改善DLC涂层
金属结构的负荷，还会增大金属的腐蚀风险以及功能 的性能，如钛(Ti)元素掺杂可以提高DLC涂层的硬度，
失效. 特别是低温环境中运行的金属运动构件，表面 减小摩擦副的磨损，从而提高涂层的耐磨性能，硅(Si)
结霜/冰极易造成润滑失效. 随着纳米技术和仿生技术 元素掺杂可以抑制DLC涂层在高温下的石墨化，提升
的发展，超疏水表面作为1种被动式防冰技术，被广泛 了涂层的热稳定性，使其表现出较好的高温摩擦学性
应用于表面防结霜/冰领域. 超疏水表面能够极大地抑 能，而氟(F)元素的引入可以降低DLC涂层的表面能，

制液体在表面的渗透及附着，从而延缓或减少冰层在 提高其表面的疏水性能 [5-6] .
表面的堆积，达到防结冰的效果，其主要受微纳米结 通过控制表面粗糙结构和表面能，可以调控DLC
[1]
构和较低的表面能两方面影响 . 然而，在低温及高湿 涂层的表面润湿性能，实现在超亲水和超疏水之间变
度环境下，超疏水涂层存在非润湿性易丧失及机械持 化 . 一般来说，DLC涂层表面提高疏水性的方式有
[7]
久性差等问题，从而造成表面防结冰性能失效，因此， 2种：一是通过元素掺杂等方式调整表面化学组成；二
提高超疏水涂层的耐久性至关重要. 在材料表面构筑 是通过织构化处理等方式构建表面粗糙结构 [8-10] . 例如，
润滑-疏水一体化涂层，可同时赋予材料优异的拒液 Wang等 以天然荷叶为模板，以生物模拟微织构结
[11]
性、防污性、抗腐蚀性和摩擦学性能，逐渐成为解决 合纳米铸造、电镀方法和物理气相沉积，成功制备了
[2]
低温下材料表面防结冰和润滑问题的潜在替代方案 . 高硬度和超疏水DLC薄膜，接触角高达160°. Shum等 [12]