Page 67 - 摩擦学学报2025年第8期

第 8 期 王保民, 等: 球轴承内圈织构表面润滑油滴润湿铺展行为研究 1165

textured inner ring raceways were compared and analyzed, and its mechanism and influence factors are further explored.
Dynamic oil droplet monitoring system and contact angle measurement platform were established, and the contact angle
of oil droplets on the textured surface and the dynamic spreading process of oil droplets on the textured surface were
measured through experiments. The experimental results were compared with the numerical analysis results to verify the
correctness of the numerical analysis method. The results indicated that texture can reduce the contact angle of lubricant
oil on the raceway surface, increase the spreading length and area on the inner raceway, and improve the wettability of
the raceway surface. On the rotating surface of the inner raceway, the texture played a storage and retention role in the
diffusion of lubricating oil, increasing the amount and diffusion area of lubricating oil on the inner raceway, which was
conducive to forming a more stable oil film and improving bearing lubrication. The texture could decrease contact
angular of lubricant oil, increase the spreading length and area on inner raceways, and improve wettability of raceway
surface. On rotating surface of inner raceway, texture played a storage and retention role in the spreading of lubricant oil,
it increased quantity and spreading area of lubricant oil on inner raceway, which was conducive to forming a more stable
oil film and improving bearing lubrication. The higher bearing speed, the smaller texture spacing and lubricant oil
viscosity, and the higher initial velocity of oil droplets, resulting in the larger spreading area of lubricant oil on the
rotating raceway surface. As the increase of texture depth, the spreading area of oil droplets first increased and then
decreased, 40 μm was the optimal value of texture depth. This study had some reference value for texture designing and
lubrication efficiency enhancement of angular contact ball bearings.
Key words: angular contact ball bearing; surface texture; wettability; spreading behavior; numerical analysis

[19]
角接触球轴承是电主轴等高速旋转机械的重要 乏油润滑条件下不同织构的摩擦性能. Shi等 研究表
[3]
支承 [1-2] ，油气润滑是角接触球轴承的主要润滑方式 ， 明横向织构对液滴成膜具有增益效果，提高了润滑效
[20]
但受到离心力的影响，润滑油在轴承内圈表面难以保持， 率，有效减少了球轴承接触副的摩擦磨损. Wu等 对
[4]
其通常处于乏油状态 . 近年来，由于微加工技术的不 推力球轴承导向面上3种不同类型的织构进行了试验
断进步，通过去材方式获得凹体织构变得更为便捷高 对比分析，结果表明梯度织构对润滑油具有单向自驱
[21]
效，也使表面织构成为改善摩擦副润滑状态和提高 功能，能有效提升轴承的润滑效率. 张可欣等 在滚
承载能力的有效手段，这引起了业界学者的广泛关注 [5-9] . 动轴承引导面加工了微织构，分析了滚动轴承织构化
[10]
Vrbka等 研究发现，表面织构能有效提升润滑 表面的摩擦特性. Gouda等 [22-23] 为了改善球轴承的润滑
油膜厚度，使滚动接触副的润滑效率提升. Hirayama 效果，在轴承外滚道添加了圆凹槽织构，研究表明圆
[11]
等 研究了弹流润滑条件下微织构对油膜厚度和形 凹槽织构具有储脂功能，可以有效提升轴承润滑效率.
状的影响，发现凹坑织构的深度和角度是决定油膜厚 Vidyasagar等 [24-25] 在深沟球轴承内圈激光制备出蛇皮
[12]
度的关键参数. 李俊玲等 在不锈钢表面加工了葫芦 形织构图案，试验结果表明蛇皮型织构可以提升轴承
形微凹坑织构，试验和数值分析表明葫芦形正方向织 润滑效率，改善接触副表面的摩擦学特性. Long等 [26]
[13]
构能强化接触副的流体动压效应. 朱春霞等 分析了 探讨了不同深度的凹坑织构对乏油润滑条件下织构
粗糙表面参数对于织构的影响，通过计算流体动力 滚动轴承运行性能的影响，结果表明织构能有效改善
学(CFD)计算了非对称织构和对称织构的润滑油膜压 润滑油分布，可显著提升轴承润滑效率.
力分布和流线分布，发现构型合理的非对称织构具有 上述研究证明，表面织构能显著改善滚动轴承的
[14]
较好的润滑效果. 鹿重阳等 提出1种三角沟槽微织构， 润滑状态，降低其摩擦磨损. 然而，现有研究多集中在
通过试验与数值方法分析了不同织构面积率下的流体 表面织构对轴承摩擦学性能和润滑性能的影响等方
[15]
动压提升效果. 孙建欣等 设计制备了1种具有润湿 面，有关轴承织构表面润湿性及润滑油铺展行为的研
性梯度的润滑增效织构表面，测量了该表面在限量供油 究鲜有报道，轴承滚道表面织构的润滑增效机理需进
往复运动条件下的油膜厚度以及油池形态. Bharfwaj 一步剖析. 鉴于此，本文中基于气液两相流理论，建立
等 [16-17] 在推力球轴承外滚道进行圆凹坑织构化处理， 内圈织构化的轴承腔流体域数值模型，分析织构化滚
润滑试验结果表明织构化轴承的摩擦力矩、温升及振 道表面的润湿性及铺展行为，揭示轴承内圈织构表面
[18]
幅均更低、润滑效率更高. Long等 在推力圆柱滚子 润湿机理和影响因素，为角接触球轴承表面织构设计
轴承的轴圈上加工了5种不同的凹坑图案，探究了在 及润滑增效提供理论基础.