Page 82 - 摩擦学学报2025年第5期

716 摩擦学学报（中英文） 第 45 卷

excellent friction and wear performance, and is expected to be widely used in fields such as rail transit, aerospace, and
mechanical equipment. This article used magnetron sputtering technology to prepare tungsten doped graphite like
coatings. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze and characterize the surface, cross-sectional
morphology, and element distribution of the tungsten doped graphite like coating prepared by magnetron sputtering
technology. The hardness, elastic modulus and elastic recovery coefficient of the coating were measured using a
nanoindentation instrument. The tungsten doped graphite like coating was characterized using a Raman spectrometer to
observe whether it had typical GLC characteristics. The friction and wear performance of the coating was evaluated
using a CSM friction and wear tester, and its friction coefficient was measured. The tribological properties of the
tungsten doped graphite like coating under trace lubrication conditions of castor oil acid were studied. The Fourier
transform infrared spectrometer was used to characterize the castor oil acid lubricant. By examining whether its
characteristic functional groups were consistent with the known chemical formula, X-ray diffraction was used to analyze
the chemical bond structure at the wear marks of tungsten doped graphite like coatings lubricated with castor oil acid.
This further inferred the friction lubrication mechanism of the solid-liquid composite lubrication system. A three-
dimensional contour instrument was used to characterize the morphological characteristics of the wear marks of tungsten
doped graphite like coatings lubricated with castor oil acid, Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the changes in
tungsten doped graphite like coatings before and after friction under the action of castor oil acid lubricant. Through the
use of a series of equipment for experimental analysis and characterization, the results showed that the friction
coefficient of the solid-liquid composite lubrication system composed of tungsten doped graphite like coating and castor
−19 3
oil acid was as low as about 0.02, and the wear rate was about 6.25×10 m /(N·m), which was higher than that of
tungsten doped graphite like coating and polyalphaolefin (PAO). Within the range of the three-dimensional profilometer,
almost no wear traces were observed, achieving ultra-low wear. Raman spectroscopy characterization revealed that the
structural characteristics of tungsten doped graphite like coatings did not change before and after friction. Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the lubricants collected after the lubrication experiment, and it
was found that the functional groups did not change before and after the friction experiment. X-ray diffraction analysis
revealed that there were residues of hydroxyl groups and oxygen at the wear marks. The oligomers of –(CH 2 –CH 2 ) n –
2
generated by the friction decomposition of castor oil acid adsorbed and passivated the sp fragments of the surface
coating with hydroxyl groups. Therefore, the solid-liquid composite system had excellent anti-friction and anti-wear
performance. The results of this study provided a research foundation and theoretical support for the future application
and development of carbon based coatings/castor oil acid solid-liquid composite systems.
Key words: solid liquid composite lubrication; green lubricant; ultralow wear; castor oil acid; carbon based coating

摩擦磨损与人类的生活息息相关，几千年来人类一 的化工原料，是1种绿色环保的润滑剂，拥有良好的减
直在致力于降低摩擦和减少磨损，从而减少不必要的 摩抗磨性能，近年来受到广泛的研究和关注 [12-14] .
资源浪费 [1-3] . 据不完全统计，全世界每年大约有1/3的 绿色环保液体润滑剂能够延长机械设备的使用
能源在摩擦磨损过程中消耗，绝大部分的机器损坏与 寿命，且不会对环境造成污染或在一定程度上为环境

摩擦润滑失效有关 [3-4] ，每年因摩擦蒙受的经济损失十 所接纳，已成为传统润滑油潜在的理想替代品 [15-17] . 近
分严重. 目前，工业上主要使用各种润滑油脂来降低 年来，关于绿色润滑剂和以绿色润滑剂为基础开展的
部件的摩擦磨损问题，高性能润滑油具有低摩擦、低 固液复合润滑研究已成为全球研究的热点方向之一.
磨损以及绿色无污染等特点，能够降低机械的摩擦损 例如，Du等 利用天然绿色润滑剂植酸溶液在有机硅
[18]
耗和能量浪费，对现代工业技术的发展至关重要 [5-8] . 弹性体-聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)和玻璃界面上实现了
随着国家对环保和节能减排要求的提高，寻找绿色环 宏观超润滑，在玻璃界面上形成植酸吸附膜，分子间
保的液体润滑剂、发展微量润滑技术和开发新型润滑 的氢键提供低剪切力是该体系实现超润滑的必要条
[19]
材料体系已成为当前绿色摩擦学研究的热点方向. 近 件. Fu等 利用TiN涂层和甘油组成固液复合体系，证
年来，相比于传统润滑油，植物基润滑油展露更好的 明了甘油在钢/TiN摩擦副中的润滑性能优于钢/钢摩
发展前景以及应用潜力，因为其产量丰富且可再生、 擦副，摩擦过程中甘油的降解会在涂层表面形成吸附
[20]
绿色环保易降解以及良好的润滑性能等特点被广泛 层，降低体系的摩擦磨损. Long等 利用钢/无氢四面
研究 [9-11] . 其中，蓖麻油酸作为蓖麻油衍生产品和重要 体非晶碳基涂层作为摩擦副，甘油作为润滑剂研究发