Page 101 - 摩擦学学报2025年第5期

第 5 期 王任侠, 等: 闸片摩擦块尺寸设计对高速列车制动振动噪声的调控作用 735

tribological performance of the brake disc/pad, while the size, as an important variable in the structural design of the
friction block, has not been clearly understood. Therefore, we conducted friction braking tests under different friction
block size parameters on a self-developed high-speed train braking performance simulation test rig to obtain the
influence law of friction block size parameters on the tribological behavior and friction-induced vibration and noise
characteristics of the braking interface. Furthermore, based on the main structure of the test rig, we built its finite
element model and developed a wear calculation method suitable for this research work. Then, we conducted friction
block wear simulation under test conditions to obtain friction block surface wear morphology similar to the test results.
Based on this, we conducted complex modal and transient dynamic analysis to explore the regulation effect and
mechanism of friction block size parameters on friction braking friction-induced vibration and noise characteristics. The
results showed that under the experimental conditions of this work, all friction blocks would produce high-frequency
friction-induced vibration and generate certain intensity squeal noise when sliding with the brake disc. However,
different friction block sizes led to significant differences in the friction-induced vibration and noise collected by the test
in both time and frequency domains. The size of the friction block had a significant impact on the generation and
evolution of friction-induced vibration and noise. Appropriate friction block size could effectively reduce the unstable
vibration intensity of the braking system, resulting in smaller and more stable evolution rules of friction-induced
vibration and noise intensity. However, an inappropriate friction block size parameter design would significantly
enhance the unstable vibration of the braking system, inducing high-intensity friction-induced vibration and noise with
unpredictable evolution rules. During the sliding friction process between the friction block and the brake disc, the
frictional heat at the braking interface was mainly concentrated in the incision end region. A properly sized friction block
could distribute the frictional heat evenly at the braking interface and improve its contact characteristics and tribological
behavior, thereby suppressing friction-induced vibration and noise. Under the experimental conditions in this article, the
friction block size did not significantly affect the inherent characteristics of the braking system, but significantly affected
the distribution and value of contact stress and wear at the braking interface. The maximum contact stress decreased with
increasing friction block size. Therefore, the size of the friction block had a significant impact on the contact
characteristics of the braking interface and the friction-induced vibration and noise. A reasonable design of the friction
block size could achieve effective regulation of the friction-induced vibration and noise. In the parameter design of high-
speed train brake pads, the influence of the friction block size on the characteristics of friction-induced vibration and
noise should be fully considered in combination with the structure and service conditions of the braking system, and then
reasonable friction block size parameters should be designed.
Key words: high-speed train; friction block; size parameters; friction-induced; vibration and noise

[1]
制动系统作为高速列车九大关键技术之一 ，在 开展了摩擦块的结构和排布等特征对制动界面摩擦
[3]
保障列车安全平稳运行方面起着重要作用，是高速列 学行为的影响研究. 杨俊英等 开展了闸片摩擦块形
车运行的最后1道安全屏障 . 高速列车制动方式主要 状对制动盘温度及摩擦性能的影响研究；王国顺 开展
[4]
[2]
分为机械制动和电制动，当列车速度高于60 km/h时，一 了摩擦块分布方式对摩擦盘温度场和应力场的影响
[5]
般采用电制动方式进行调速，而当列车速度低于20 km/h 研究；Sinou等 研究了闸片摩擦块排布特征对(Train à
时，须采取机械制动方式以实现列车停车. 高速列车 grande vitesse, TGV)制动摩擦振动噪声特性的影响；
[6]
紧急制动(Urgent brake, UB)为纯空气制动，采用机械 Panier等 研究了不同形状摩擦块对热点分布情况的
制动方式. 机械制动是摩擦制动方式，即通过制动闸 影响，发现界面摩擦热点数量随着摩擦块弧长的减少
片与制动盘之间的摩擦作用将列车的动能转化成热 而增多. 此外，作者所在课题组也开展了大量的前期
能以实现减速. 制动盘/片的摩擦作用容易产生高频和 研究，典型的如研究了摩擦块孔结构对磨损、界面热
高强度的摩擦振动噪声以及界面的温度聚集现象，这 分布以及噪声特性的影响，发现孔结构能够在制动过
对制动闸片的结构参数设计提出了更高要求和新挑 程中收集界面上产生的磨屑，进而改善制动界面摩擦
战. 我国高速列车制动闸片上安装有多个摩擦块并与 学行为 ；研究了摩擦块形状对高速列车制动界面摩
[7]
制动盘发生直接摩擦作用，而摩擦块的合理设计是调 擦学行为的影响，发现界面接触平台特征是影响制动
控制动摩擦学行为和抑制制动摩擦振动噪声的关键. 摩擦振动噪声特性的关键 [8-9] ；研究了摩擦块连接结构
针对列车制动闸片的设计问题，国内外研究人员 对制动摩擦振动噪声的影响，发现浮动式连接结构相