Page 121 - 摩擦学学报2025年第4期

第 4 期 周海滨, 等: MoS 2 镀层类型对湿式铜基摩擦材料高速重载下的摩擦学行为影响 609

3. Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Materials Surface/Interface Science & Technology,
Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Hunan Changsha 410004, China;;
4. National Key Laboratory of Marine Corrosion and Protection, Henan Luoyang 471023 China)
Abstract: The metal-based powder metallurgy friction material is a crucial component for high-speed and heavy-duty
clutches, primarily consisting of matrix components and functional components (including lubrication components and
friction components). Among these, the matrix components determine the physical and mechanical properties of the
material such as strength, hardness, heat conduction, and heat resistance. The lubrication components are employed to
eliminate vibration, reduce noise, adjust the coefficient of friction, and stabilize the friction process. On the other hand,
the friction components predominantly influence the friction coefficient as well as wear resistance and adhesion
resistance of the material. The surface coating treatment of functional components is an effective method for modifying
surfaces, which can maintain the friction material's function while enhancing its strength and toughness. This approach
contributes to improving the reliability of friction materials under high-speed and heavy load conditions. The aim of this
study was to investigate the impact of various surface coating techniques on the performance of MoS 2 , as an important
lubricating component in copper-based friction materials. A series of analysis and detection techniques, including SEM,
EDS and XRD, were employed to investigate the morphology and intrinsic performance of MoS 2 lubricating
components with different coatings, the MoS 2 and matrix interface characteristics. The micro-friction test was carried
out to evaluate the interface bonding properties and micro-friction properties of Cu-matrix/MoS 2 lubricating components
with different coatings. The tribological behaviors of Cu-based friction materials (Cu-BFM) with different MoS 2 were
overall compared using the MM-3 000 friction test. The result showed that both Ni and Cu coatings contributed to
enhancing the interface performance between MoS 2 and the matrix. However, it should be noted that Cu coating fails to
prevent the decomposition of MoS 2 , leading to the formation of a limited amount of sulfide phase at the matrix/MoS 2
interface with inherent defects in the diffusion-reaction interface. On the other hand, Ni coating optimized the interface
performance by effectively inhibiting MoS 2 decomposition during sintering and facilitating the formation of a
good diffusion bonding interface between nickel-plated MoS 2 (MoS 2 @Ni) and the matrix. The Cu-based friction
material (Cu-BFM) containing copper-coated MoS 2 (MoS 2 @Cu) exhibited a higher friction coefficient at lower rotation
speeds (3 000 r/min) due to the decomposition of MoS 2 . However, at higher rotation speeds, MoS 2 @Ni demonstrated a
higher friction coefficient and a greater stability factor owing to its stabilizing effect on the friction process. In terms of
wear performance, MoS 2 @Ni exhibited a significantly superior effect on the wear resistance of friction materials
compared to MoS 2 @Cu. Particularly at high rotating speeds, MoS 2 @Ni effectively suppressed the occurrence of fatigue
wear in friction materials, resulting in a more than 30% reduction in the wear rate of friction materials containing
MoS 2 @Ni when compared to those containing MoS 2 @Cu. Regarding the wear mechanism, friction materials containing
both types of MoS 2 exhibited ploughing wear as the dominant mechanism at low rotational speeds, while at high
rotational speeds, the presence of MoS 2 @Cu in friction materials led to a transition from ploughing wear to a
combination of ploughing and fatigue-induced delamination wear.
Key words: Cu-based friction materials; interface; tribology performance; wear mechanism; lubricating component

湿式离合器具有传递驱动力矩、变化挡位、防止 擦系数与可控的磨损率. 常用离合器摩擦材料主要有
传动系统过载、降低发动机扭震冲击和延长变速箱齿 有机复合材料、橡胶基复合材料、碳基复合材料、纸
轮寿命等重要功能. 对于如坦克、工程机械和高速直 基复合材料和粉末冶金复合材料 [1-5] . 粉末冶金复合材
升机等高速重载应用，离合器往往工作于高速重载工 料相比于橡胶基复合材料、纸基复合材料和有机复合
况，必须具备高摩擦能量密度下优异的摩擦磨损性能 材料，其可承受更高的应力与温度，并维持优秀的机
[1]
和平稳的结合特性，以及高可靠性和长使用寿命 . 摩 械、热和摩擦学性能；其相比于碳基复合材料又显示
擦材料作为离合器系统的关键部件，直接承载摩擦力 出明显的制造成本优势 [6-9] . 因此，在具有高速重载要
矩与传动能量，对离合器力矩传递、接合状态、能量 求的湿式离合器中，粉末冶金复合材料仍为主要选

耗散和寿命周期等性能参数具有重要作用，进而影响 择，尤其是兼具优异的耐热导热性能的铜基粉末冶金
机械整体的动力性能. 因此，为保证苛刻工况下的离 复合材料(下文中简称为铜基摩擦材料) [10-12] .
合器性能，离合器用湿式摩擦材料需要在较宽泛的接 在湿式离合器运行过程中，随着压力的加载，铜
触压力条件和摩擦速度范围内具备稳定且足够的摩 基摩擦材料与摩擦对偶之间的工作状态从流体润滑