Page 106 - 摩擦学学报2025年第4期

594 摩擦学学报（中英文） 第 45 卷

slippery environments. For this purpose, the hydrophobic silica nano-particles (SiO 2 NPs), with superior friction-
enhancing properties, and high-strength carbon fiber (CF) were chosen as additives to modify thermoplastic
polyurethane (TPU) and novel TPU matrix composites composed of SiO 2 NPs, CF and TPU were fabricated. The
tribological measurements were conducted by using a ball-on-disk tribometer with a rotary sliding contact mode in
aqueous environments to reveal the antiskid performance and mechanism of modified TPU composites. The impacts of
varying mass fraction of SiO 2 NPs and CF on the antiskid performance and wear resistance of modified TPU composites
were investigated under different load (10, 30, and 50 N) and sliding speed (60, 120, and 180 r/min) conditions. The
typical mechanical properties, water contact angle, friction coefficient, wear rate, wear morphology of TPU composites
were analyzed. The results showed that the meshing effect between the SiO 2 NPs and the micro-asperities of counterpart
surfaces changed the wear behavior of TPU composites from adhesive wear to abrasive wear, resulting in an increased
frictions coefficient and improved antiskid properties. However, the wear resistance of modified TPU composites was
impaired. The TPU composite modified with 12% SiO 2 NPs exhibited the largest frictions coefficient, fluctuating around
0.6, although the mechanical properties were weakened. The introduction of CF significantly enhanced the mechanical
properties and thermal stability of modified TPU composites. The tensile strength of the TPU composite modified with
3% SiO 2 NPs and 9% CF reached 37.09 MPa, which was 246.90% larger than that of the TPU composite modified with
12% SiO 2 NPs. This enhancement facilitated the inhibition of failure behavior during friction and reduced the wear rate.
Additionally, the CF peeled off from the matrix was prone to fill the defects on the wear surface and formed a tribo-film,
protecting the matrix material from severe wear and eventually enhancing the wear resistance. Furthermore, the water
contact angle of modified TPU composites increased from 67.55° to 112.10° due to the hydrophobicity of SiO 2 NPs and
CF, changing the TPU from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. As a result, the absorption of water molecules at the friction
interface weakened, reducing its lubricating effect and further enhancing the antiskid property of modified TPU
composites. The synergistic effect of the SiO 2 NPs and CF made the TPU composite modified with 3% SiO 2 NPs and 9%
CF exhibit both high frictions coefficient and low wear rate. Its frictions coefficient curve stabilized at about 0.5, and the
average frictions coefficient increased by 204.26% compared to that of pure TPU. The wear rate was reduced by 96.28%
compared to that of composite modified with 12% SiO 2 NPs, demonstrating excellent antiskid and anti-wear properties.
The findings obtained in this study provided a reference for designing and fabricating polymer-based friction brake
composites with prominent anti-slip and high wear resistance in slippery environments.
Key words: silica nano-particles; carbon fiber; thermoplastic polyurethane; antiskid performance; wear resistance
property

摩擦制动材料是关系汽车行驶安全、稳定和乘坐 优异的耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、抗热衰退性和吸振性，在
体验的核心部件材料，提供给车辆与行驶方向相反的 聚合物基摩擦复合材料中运用广泛. 但聚氨酯分子长
制动力，例如离合器片和刹车片. 摩擦制动材料遭受 链含有大量亲水基团，在湿滑环境下材料表面易吸附
摩擦副材料的摩擦、剪切及急剧高温等耦合作用，其耐 滑水膜，导致摩擦系数急剧下降，难以满足摩擦材料
[9]
磨性能受到了严峻的挑战 [1-2] . 另一方面，雨水、雪天和潮 合适且稳定摩擦系数的要求 . 通过添加增摩填料是
湿等天气会使摩擦制动对摩擦副摩擦界面间形成1层 提高聚合物基复合材料摩擦性能的有效方法，其可在
润滑水膜，显著降低摩擦系数，极大削弱摩擦制动系 摩擦材料表面形成粗糙的尖锐凸起，增大摩擦系数，
[10]
统的制动性能，使得车辆无法完成预期行驶任务，有 增强摩擦材料的防滑性能 . 常用的增摩填料主要以
可能造成不可估量的损失. 提高摩擦制动材料的耐磨 各种形状的氧化物和碳化物为主，例如氧化铝(Al O )、
3
2
性能和防滑性能是提高车辆行驶性能和安全的关键 二氧化硅(SiO )、二氧化钛(TiO )和碳化硅(SiC)等颗
2
2
指标之一 [3-5] . 同时耐磨和防滑材料也是保障船舶甲板 粒 [11-13] . 然而，传统增摩填料与基体材料之间相互作用
上船员、设备在颠簸、大风浪、下雨和结露等恶劣气 较弱，颗粒易剥离形成较大缺陷，弱化材料的耐磨性
候条件下安全性最简单以及最有效的措施之一 [6-7] . 能. 随着对材料性能更高的要求和加工方法的不断改
常见的摩擦制动材料包括金属基、陶瓷基和高分 进，纳米粒子因独特的物理和化学性质，展现出改善
子聚合物基复合材料等，其中聚合物基复合材料具有 复合材料综合性能的巨大应用潜质 [14-16] . 研究表明，无
磨损率较低、摩擦系数稳定和噪声小等优势，已成为 机纳米粒子共混改性聚合物基复合材料不仅保留了
[8]
摩擦制动材料研究的热点 . 热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)具有 聚合物材料的弹塑性和柔韧性，同时兼具了无机材料