Page 24 - 《摩擦学学报》2020年第4期
P. 24
第 40 卷 第 4 期 摩 擦 学 学 报 Vol 40 No 4
2020 年 7 月 Tribology Jul, 2020
DOI: 10.16078/j.tribology.2019233
基于发动机主轴轴承异常油膜噪声特征的
模拟试验研究
*
亢荣玉, 陈晓阳 , 刘 旭, 陶德华
(上海大学 机电工程与自动化学院,上海 201900)
摘 要: 由发动机主轴轴承油膜空穴造成的不规则打字机敲击噪声一直是汽车领域未解决的难题. 为了探究发动机
主轴轴承动态载荷性能耦合作用下产生的异常空穴噪声,本文作者利用自行设计的平行板挤压油膜试验机进行模
拟噪声试验并探究空穴噪声的特征. 该试验机可同时采集振动、位移、声压、力和空穴图像等五种信号,通过试验探
究了不同激励信号、挤压振幅、挤压频率、润滑油黏度等因素对空穴噪声的影响,结果表明在方波、大振幅、使用高
黏度润滑剂以及挤压频率为12 Hz的状况下容易产生空穴噪声.
关键词: 发动机; 空穴噪声; 不同激励信号; 挤压振幅; 挤压频率; 润滑油黏度
中图分类号: TH133.3 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1004-0595(2020)04–0434–08
Simulation Experiment Study on Irregular Oil Film Noise
Characteristics of Engine Main Bearings
*
KANG Rongyu, CHEN Xiaoyang , LIU Xu, TAO Dehua
(School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University,Shanghai 201900, China)
Abstract: Irregular typewriter knocking noise caused by the oil film cavitation of the engine main bearing has been an
unsolved problem in the automotive field. In order to study the irregular cavitation noise of main bearing under the
coupling effect of engine spindle bearing dynamic load performance, the experiments were carried out in the oscillatory
parallel-plate squeeze film test apparatus which can simultaneously collect five kinds of signals including vibration
acceleration, displacement, sound pressure, force and pictures of cavitation. The effects of excitation signals, extrusion
amplitude, extrusion frequency, and viscosity of the lubricant on the cavitation noise characteristics were investigated
experimentally. The experimental results showed that it was easy to generate cavitation noise under square wave, a large
amplitude, a high-viscosity lubricant, and a pressing frequency of 12 Hz.
Key words: engine; cavitation noise; different excitation signals; extrusion amplitude; extrusion frequency; viscosity
[1]
近年来,汽车NVH(噪声、振动和声振粗糙度)技 2003年,针对丰田汽车公司发动机出现的噪声问题 ,
术发展迅速,使得之前被汽车噪声覆盖的发动机主轴 Takayuki Aoyama通过理论与试验结果的对比得出,
承不规则敲击噪声浮现出来,引起了许多汽车公司的 发动机异常噪声现象是有主轴轴承油膜空穴破裂造
重视. 研究表明,此不规则噪声主要是由于发动机主 成的. 但是,该文献仅证明噪声是由油膜空穴产生的,
轴承油膜空穴破裂时产生的,其噪声产生位置如图1 并未提及影响油膜空穴的因素,以及具体的解决措施.
所示. 目前,丰田、通用和福特等汽车公司均有消费者 2012年,五十铃汽车公司针对该问题进行柴油机凸轮
[2]
投诉此类噪声问题,这引起了研究人员的广泛关注. 轴承噪声分析 ,Kimura利用发动机模拟分析软件进
Received 22 November 2019, revised 21 February 2020, accepted 28 February 2020, available online 28 July 2020.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: xychen@shu.edu.cn, Tel: +86-18301961852.
The research was supported by Ford motor company, under Ford University Project (2014-2175R).
福特汽车公司大学研究计划项目(2014-2175R)资助.