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6 期                 张   璇等:基于SWAT+模型的黑河上游山区水文要素变化模拟与预测                                     1485
               用数据, 结合 FLUS 模型预测出未来的土地利用数                           [J]. Journal  of  the  American  Water  Resources  Association,  34
               据, 再与未来气候数据一起驱动 SWAT+模型, 这样                          (1): 73-89.
                                                                 Bieger  K,  Arnold  J  G,  Rathjens  H,  et  al,  2017. Introduction  to
               可以提高对未来预测的准确性, 为研究流域的水文
                                                                    SWAT+, a completely restructured version of the soil and water
               过程提供理论支撑。
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               5  结论                                                sociation, 53(1): 115-130.
                                                                 Chen Z, Zhu R, Yin Z, et al, 2022. Hydrological response to future
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                   本文围绕黑河流域上游山区, 基于 1979 -2018
                                                                    betan  Plateau[J]. Journal  of  Hydrology:  Regional  Studies,  44:
               年莺落峡水文站月径流数据和 CN05. 1 格点再分析
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               数据构建 SWAT+模型, 并结合 CMIP6 的多模式数                     Trolle D, Nielsen A, Andersen H E, et al, 2019. Effects of changes in
               据预测不同情景下的水文要素变化。主要结论                                 land use and climate on aquatic ecosystems: Coupling of models
               如下:                                                  and decomposition of uncertainties[J]. Science of the Total Envi‐
                  (1)  SWAT+模型在黑河流域上游山区径流模                          ronment, 657: 627-633.
                                                                 Li X, Jia H, Chen Y, et al, 2022. Runoff simulation and projection in
                                                      2
               拟中表现出色。校准期和验证期的 NSE、 R 系数较
                                                                    the source area of the Yellow River using the SWAT model and
               高, PBIAS 满足精度要求, 说明该模型能有效模拟                          SSPs  scenarios[J]. Frontiers  in  Environmental  Science,  10:
               流域内的径流过程, 为后续研究提供了可靠的模拟                              1012838.
               工具。                                               Mehrotra R, Sharma A, 2021.  A robust alternative for correcting sys‐

                  (2)  在四种情景下, 流域未来径流相较于基准                          tematic  biases  in  multi-variable  climate  model  simulations[J].
                                                                    Environmental Modelling & Software, 139: 105019.
               期增幅分别为 12. 2%、 8. 1%、 10. 4% 和 19. 2%, 其
                                                                 Myers D T, Ficklin D L, Robeson S M, et al, 2021. Choosing an ar‐
               中, 秋、 冬两季径流量增幅较大, 春、 夏两季增幅
                                                                    bitrary calibration period for hydrologic models: How much does
               相对较小。近(远)未来时期, 流域平均总产水量和                             it influence water balance simulations?[J]. Hydrological process‐
               地下流量均有所增加, 且远未来时期的增加量更为                              es, 35(2): e14045.
               突出, 表明随着时间推移, 流域水资源量在不同情                          Olson S A, Shabestanipour G, Lamontagne J, et al, 2024. Character‐
               景下呈现出增长趋势, 但增长幅度存在差异。                                izing future streamflows in Massachusetts using stochastic model‐
                                                                    ing-A pilot study[R]. U. S. Department of the Interior: Geologi‐
                  (3)  历史时期, 多种水文要素空间分布呈现出
                                                                    cal SurveyUS. Scientific Investigations Report, 2023-5134.
               明显的规律性。近未来时期, 总产水量的分布趋势                           Shen H, Tolson B A, Mai J, 2022. Time to update the split‐sample ap‐
               因情景而异; 远未来时期, 地表产流量、 侧向流量                            proach in hydrological model calibration[J]. Water Resources Re‐
               和地下径流量空间分布格局相对稳定, 分别呈现出                              search, 58(3): e2021WR031523.
               由北向南递增、 集中于流域中部和随海拔升高而增                           Singh S K, Kanga S, Gulati B, et al, 2023. Spatial and temporal anal‐
                                                                    ysis  of  hydrological  modelling  in  the  Beas  basin  using  SWAT+
               大的特点。
                                                                    model[J]. Water, 15(19): 3338.
                   总体而言, SWAT+模型能够较好地反映内陆河
                                                                 Sun J, Yan H, Bao Z, et al, 2022. Investigating impacts of climate
               流域山区水文要素的未来时空变化, 研究成果可为                              change on runoff from the Qinhuai River by using the SWAT mod‐
               流域水资源管理和应对气候变化提供科学依据。                                el and CMIP6 scenarios[J]. Water, 14(11): 1778.
               不过, 由于气候模式和数据的不确定性, 后续研究                          Tumsa B C, Kenea G, Tola B, 2022. The application of SWAT+ mod‐
                                                                    el  to  quantify  the  impacts  of  sensitive  LULC  changes  on  water
               需进一步优化方法, 提升预测的准确性。
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