Page 221 - 《高原气象》2025年第6期

6 期 廖红羽等：茅台机场低能见度天气特征及主要影响因子研究 1629

Research on the Characteristics and Main Influencing Factors of

Low Visibility Weather at Maotai Airport

1
LIAO Hongyu ， XU Dongbei ， YAN Xiaojie ， FANG Xiangchao ，
1
3
2
WANG Yuqi ， LI Yaohui ， XIAO Ziyi 1
1
4
（1. Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province， College of Atmospheric Sciences， Chengdu University
of Information Technology， Chengdu 610225， Sichuan， China；
2. Guizhou Zunyi Maotai Airport Corporation Limited， Zunyi 563000， Guizhou， China；
3. Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited， Chengdu 611130， Sichuan， China；
4. College of Aeronautical Meteorology， Civil Aviation Flight Academy of China， Guanghan 618300， Sichuan， China）
Abstract： Using the AWOS （Automated Weather Observing System） automatic observation data at Maotai Air‐
port from 2017 to 2023， ERA5 （ECMWF Reanalysis v5） reanalysis data， and the ETOPO2v2 topography data
provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration （NOAA） of the United States. Using methods
such as weather analysis， statistical analysis， and diagnostic analysis， this study investigates the characteristics
and influencing factors of low visibility weather at airports， and employs the HYSPLIT backward trajectory mod‐
el to trace the sources of water vapor in low visibility weather. The results show that Maotai Airport has higher
humidity throughout the year， with obvious characteristics such as low temperature， high humidity， and low
wind speed in autumn and winter， which is more conducive to the formation and maintenance of low visibility
weather. Low visibility weather occurs at the airport every month of the year， with the number of low visibility
days being higher than average from October to February of the following year and in late spring and early sum‐
mer. The frequency of low visibility weather gradually increases from dusk throughout the day. In spring， the fre‐
quency reaches its highest point from 06:00 （Beijing Time， same as after） to 08:00 in the morning， in summer
and autumn from 05:00 to 07:00， and in winter from 03:00 to 05:00. In addition to low wind speeds， the main
factors affecting low visibility weather include terrain， circulation background， inversion， temperature advec‐
tion， and water vapor conditions. When low visibility weather occurs， the prevailing wind direction at the airport
is WNW， which is closely related to the terrain of the Chishui River Valley and the activity of cold air. In spring，
autumn and winter， the upper air level above the airport is mainly affected by the westerly airflow， and the low-
level airflow from the north and the south converge over the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau， resulting in the Kunming
quasi-stationary front. Frontal inversion is beneficial for water vapor to accumulate near the ground and reach sat‐
uration. Low visibility weather at the airport typically appears in the cold zone behind the frontal zone. In sum‐
mer， the temperature inversion over airports is mostly radiation inversion， and low visibility weather is mainly
radiation fog. The HYSPLIT water vapor tracking results show that there are two main sources of water vapor at
an altitude of 1500 meters during low visibility weather， namely the Bay of Bengal on the south side of the Qing‐
hai-Tibet Plateau and the Chishui River Valley in the northwest of the airport； the water vapor at an altitude of
3000 meters mainly originates from the Bay of Bengal.
Key words： low visibility； weather characteristics； impact factors； inversion