Page 131 - 《高原气象》2023年第1期

1 期 陈普晨等：高寒山区固态降水观测对比研究 127

Comparative Study of Solid Precipitation Observation

in Alpine Mountains

2， 3
1
1
CHEN Puchen ， LI Zhongqin 1， 2， 3 ， WANG Puyu ， JIA Yufeng ， JIN Shuang 2
（1. College of Geography and Environment Science， Northwest Normal University， Lanzhou 730070， Gansu， China；
2. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science/Tianshan Glaciological Station， Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment
and Resources， CAS， Lanzhou 730000， Gansu， China；
3. College of Sciences， Shihezi University， Shihezi 832003， Xinjiang， China）

Abstract： Precipitation plays an important role in the process of water cycle and is a main driving force of terres‐
trial hydrological process. The change of precipitation form is an important part of understanding the evolution of
land water cycle under the background of global warming， which is a hot and difficult issue for scholars at home
and abroad. In our study， an observation comparison experiment of solid precipitation measurements with a
PWS100 laser sensor and a Geonor T-200B at the terminus of Urumqi Glacier No. 1， Tianshan Mountains from
May 2018 to April 2020 was carried out. Three parts of results are obtained from this study. Firstly， the experi‐
ment site was dominated by solid precipitation particles， accounting for 63% of total precipitation particles. The
liquid particles accounted for 37% of total precipitation particles. On the monthly scale， the number of particles
from June to August was the largest， with 57% of liquid particles and 43% of solid particles. In the other
months， the number of solid particles accounted for 96% of the total number of particles. Secondly， based on the
proportion of precipitation particles in different temperature ranges， the precipitation types were divided with the
temperature 6. 5 ℃ as the critical value. The modified total precipitation accumulation of Geonor T-200B was
1202 mm， accounting for 67% of DFIR， which underestimated the precipitation， but the average relative capture
rate was about 87%. Thirdly， the daily precipitation recorded PWS100 and Geonor T-200B was strong correlated
and the annual amount of precipitation recorded by two instruments differed 71 mm. However， there was a small
seasonal difference between two observed data sets. The amount of precipitation from PWS100 was 73 mm high‐
er in June to August and 37 mm lower in September to May in the next year compared with the values recorded
by Geonor T-200B. PWS100 observed large precipitation in summer with large precipitation and complex precipi‐
tation types， but less precipitation in winter. Moreover， PWS100 was not sensitive to small raindrops， which
would lead to insufficient catch quantity. Therefore， it indicated that Geonor T-200B was more efficient than
PWS100 in terms of catching solid precipitation. The results provide experimental basis for further research on
the seasonal changes of mountainous runoff under the background of climatic warming.
Key words： Precipitation observation； Geonor T-200B； PWS100； headwaters of Urumqi River； alpine moun‐
tains