Page 12 - 《高原气象》2022年第1期

高 原 气 象 41 卷
10

Progress of Recent 60 Years’Climate Change and Its Environmental

Impacts on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

1，2
YANG Yaoxian ，HU Zeyong ，LU Fuquan 1，2，3 ，CAI Ying ，YU Haipeng ，
1，2
1
1，2
Guo Ruixia ，FU Chunwei 1，2，3 ，FAN Weiwei 1，2，3 ，WU di 1，2，3
1，2
（1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions，Northwest Institute
of Eco-Environment and Resources，Lanzhou 730000，Gansu，China；
2. Nagqu Station of Plateau Climate and Environment，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，
Chinese Academy of Sciences，Nagqu 852000，Xizang，China；
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China）

Abstract：The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is characterized as one of the key areas of global energy and water cycle
and is known as Asian water tower. Climate change of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has significant impacts on the
environmental changes of the its own and surrounding areas. This paper reviews the facts and mechanisms of re‐
cent 60 years’climate change and its associated environmental impacts，emphasizing surface warming，change
of surface radiation，precipitation variability among different seasons and regions，change of surface wind speed
and surface environment. Changes of skin temperature，surface air temperature and surface wind speed and asso‐
ciated mechanisms during past decade over the Plateau are also analyzed based on reanalysis and site data. Final‐
ly，the issues that need to be solved have been sorted out. The conclusions are as follows：（1）The surface warm‐
ing over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was earlier and faster than that along the same latitude in Northern Hemisphere.
The elevation-dependence warming and increase of clear sky downward longwave radiation caused by Inter‐
decadal atmospheric humidification are the main causes of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau surface warming. However，
the variations of surface temperature during past decade are concentrated on inter-annual scale.（2）Due to the
continuous rapid warming of the plateau and the anomalies of sea temperature and atmospheric circulation，the
precipitation in different regions and seasons presents various variability.（3）Interdecadal shift of surface wind
speed is mainly drwen by the meridional difference in warming between the Qinghai-Xizang plateall and the mid-
latitude Eurasian Continent and anomalous atmospheric circulation.（4）Environmental changes on the Qinghai-
Xizang Plateau are mainly manifested as lake expansion，permafrost degradation，and advance of vegetation re‐
juvenation；Since the 1990s，glacier in the western Qinghai-Xizang Plateau have been stabilized or even partially
recovered，while，glacier in the southeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau continue to retreat. The above results are
mainly caused by the dipole pattern that precipitation increased and decreased over western and eastern Qinghai-
Xizang Plateau，respectively. Meanwhile，the seasonal and intra-seasonal variations of the Summer Monsoon
can be reasonable indicators to the vegetation growth and the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation rejuvenation
period.（5）The mechanism and numerical simulation of surface temperature and wind speed changes in different
seasons and regions need to be further investigated；performance of temperature and precipitation in climate mod‐
els needs to the improved；high-resolution numerical simulation and data assimilation based on regional models
need to be strengthened urgently.
Key words：Qinghai-Xizang Plateau；Climate Change；Environmental Impact