Page 156 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第11期

第 46 卷 梅宗书，等： 低动能易碎弹的致伤威力评估 第 11 期

(2) 假人头部钝击试验与文献中刚性壁面钝击试验结果的对比分析表明，假人头部加速度为 2.71g，
具有明显痛感，而头部的最大作用力为 111.54 N，只有同等射击工况下橡皮弹产生最大作用力的 1/4，表
明易碎弹通过壳体破碎和内填粉体分散可有效释能。
(3) 在明胶靶钝击试验中，易碎弹冲击明胶靶后，壳体有效破碎，弹内粉体分散均匀；在易碎弹的着
靶速度约为橡皮弹的 74.2% 工况下，易碎弹的冲击动能约为橡皮弹的 50%，其内部压力峰值为橡皮弹的
11%～43%，表明易碎弹相较于传统橡皮弹，致伤威力适度降低，安全性更高。
本研究的假人试验中假人穿戴有防护服，对试验结果有一定影响；同时，头部损伤指标值计算参
照的是假人在汽车撞击试验中的损伤计算方法。在后续研究中，将进一步改进试验设计，优化头部、
胸部损伤指标计算公式，结合有限元仿真，开展多参数协同优化，形成面向损伤指标的结构正向设计
方法。

参考文献：
[1] 战仁军, 汪送, 马永忠. 非致命武器装备 [M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2017.
ZHAN R J, WANG S, MA Y Z. Non-lethal Weapons [M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2017.
[2] OLSON K A, HASELDEN L E, ZAUNBRECHER R D, et al. Penetrating injuries from “less lethal” beanbag munitions [J].
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2020, 383(11): 1081–1083. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2025923.
[3] ANDREI A, ROBBE C, PAPY A, et al. Literature review of case reports regarding NLW thoracic impacts [J]. Human Factors
and Mechanical Engineering for Defense and Safety, 2023, 7(1): 4. DOI: 10.1007/s41314-023-00062-7.
[4] SCHALET G, DAVIS B, GOMEZ M, et al. Acute cardiac tamponade secondary to nonpenetrating injury from gunshot with
beanbag round: a case report and literature review [J]. Trauma Case Reports, 2022, 42: 100733. DOI: 10.1016/j.tcr.
2022.100733.
[5] HAAR R J, IACOPINO V, RANADIVE N, et al. Health impacts of chemical irritants used for crowd control: a systematic
review of the injuries and deaths caused by tear gas and pepper spray [J]. BMC Public Health, 2017, 17(1): 831. DOI: 10.
1186/s12889-017-4814-6.
[6] SCHENCK C S, LOKESHWAR S D, RIEDEL M D, et al. Penetrating deep pelvic injury due to “less-lethal” beanbag
munitions: a case report and policy implications [J]. Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open, 2021, 6(1): e000754. DOI: 10.
1136/tsaco-2021-000754.
[7] PEARL R C, TORBATI S, GEIDERMAN J M. Kinetic projectile injuries treated during civil protests in Los Angeles: a case
series [J]. Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 2021, 5(4): 385–389. DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2021.7.52885.
[8] SELIM M S, EL-SAFTY S A, SHENASHEN M A, et al. Advances in polymer/inorganic nanocomposite fabrics for
lightweight and high-strength armor and ballistic-proof materials [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 493: 152422. DOI:
10.1016/j.cej.2024.152422.
[9] 荣吉利, 葛迅, 李健, 等. 不同弹头形式的易碎弹冲击航空有机玻璃的数值分析 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2015, 34(1): 200–205.
DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2015.01.035.
RONG J L, GE X, LI J, et al. Numerical analysis on fragile projectile with different warheads impacting against aviation
organic glass [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2015, 34(1): 200–205. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2015.01.035.
[10] 覃彬, 王建民, 熊漫漫, 等. 非致命动能弹对目标作用的钝击水波效应与致伤机制研究 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2017,
37(s2): 132–136.
QIN B, WANG J M, XIONG M M, et al. Research on water wave effect and injury mechanics for kinetic less-lethal bullet
impacting target [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2017, 37(s2): 132–136.
[11] 罗棕木, 李克, 陈浩, 等. 爆炸冲击波作用下假人头部加速度响应测试与损伤分析 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2024, 44(12): 121435.
DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0242.
LUO Z M, LI K, CHEN H, et al. Acceleration response test and damage analysis of dummy head under explosion shock
wave [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2024, 44(12): 121435. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0242.
[12] 汪送, 战仁军, 段雄义. 橡皮弹胸部钝击损伤的有限元法评估 [J]. 系统仿真学报, 2020, 32(9): 1762–1770. DOI:

113903-9